How do you define tissue-specific genes?

How do you define tissue-specific genes?

Abstract. Summary: The tissue-specific genes are a group of genes whose function and expression are preferred in one or several tissues/cell types. Identification of these genes helps better understanding of tissue–gene relationship, etiology and discovery of novel tissue-specific drug targets.

What does tissue-specific mean?

Tissue specificity is defined as the immunological identity of antigens in the lens and other tissues and is shown by the cross-reactivity of one or more lens antigens to one or more antigens present in any extraocular tissue.

What regulates tissue-specific genes?

In this study, we investigate gene expression and regulation across 38 tissues profiled in the Genotype-Tissue Expression project. These results suggest that tissue specificity is driven by context-dependent regulatory paths, providing transcriptional control of tissue-specific processes.

What are tissue-specific proteins?

Accordingly, tissue-specific proteins are the products of genes expressed in at most two tissues and cell lines. The second definition combines mRNA presence and absence with tissue-specific overexpression (Peak definition, PKD).

What are tissue-specific stem cells?

Tissue-specific stem cells are multipotent and self-renewing cells which possess endogenous functions for tissue renewal and repair at their respective resident tissues (3).

What are tissue-specific transcription factors?

Transcription factors (TFs) are a special class of DNA-binding proteins that orchestrate gene transcription by recruiting other TFs, co-activators or co-repressors. By analyzing these TSG-sets, tissue-specific TF cooperations of each tissue have been identified.

What is the function of enhancer?

Enhancers are short regulatory elements of accessible DNA that help establish the transcriptional program of cells by increasing transcription of target genes. They are bound by transcription factors, co-regulators, and RNA polymerase II (RNAP II).

Are gene enhancers tissue specific?

Emerging evidence suggests that enhancers are not only tissue specific but are also cell-type specific. For example, Nott et al. identified enhancers for multiple brain cell types and found high enrichment of Alzheimer’s disease variants specifically in microglia enhancers (Nott et al., 2019).

What are tissue-specific markers?

Genes that are expressed in many tissues are often designated as housekeeping while those that are expressed in few tissues are termed tissue-specific or marker genes. Marker genes are used to determine the tissue identity and to characterize cells grown in vitro.

Where do tissue-specific stem cells come from?

Stem cells originate from two main sources: adult body tissues and embryos. Scientists are also working on ways to develop stem cells from other cells, using genetic “reprogramming” techniques.

What cells are undifferentiated?

Undifferentiated Cells Definition, Sources and Purpose

• Undifferentiated cells refers to a cell that has yet to develop into a particular cell variant.
• Stem cells are basically undifferentiated cells that have the unique ability to produce many different types of cell lines.

How do transcription factors allow for tissue-specific control of gene expression?

Transcription factors are proteins that help turn specific genes “on” or “off” by binding to nearby DNA. Transcription factors that are activators boost a gene’s transcription. Groups of transcription factor binding sites called enhancers and silencers can turn a gene on/off in specific parts of the body.