What is Oxyclozanide used for?

What is Oxyclozanide used for?

Oxyclozanide is a salicylanilide anthelmintic. It is used in the treatment and control of fascioliasis in ruminants mainly domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. It mainly acts by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in flukes.

What is the duration of subacute toxicity study?

Subacute toxicity studies are conducted to evaluate a new drug’s potential adverse effects following a treatment period of 2–4 weeks’ duration. Subacute toxicity studies are conducted as range-finding studies in order to choose dosage levels to be used in subsequent subchronic and chronic toxicity studies.

Is Oxyclozanide safe in pregnancy?

At normal oxyclozanide dose levels, cattle may show slight softening of the faeces with the occasional animal showing increased frequency of defecation and transient inappetance. The product can be safely administered to pregnant or lactating animals.

What does fenbendazole treat?

Fenbendazole (brand names Panacur®, Safe-Guard®) is a medication used to treat a variety of parasites (e.g., roundworms, hookworms, lungworm, whipworm, and certain types of tapeworms) in dogs.

What causes fascioliasis?

Fascioliasis is an infectious disease caused by Fasciola parasites, which are flat worms referred to as liver flukes. The adult (mature) flukes are found in the bile ducts and liver of infected people and animals, such as sheep and cattle.

What does acute and subacute mean?

Acute is defined as less than 1 month of symptoms, whereas subacute refers to more than 1 month of symptoms but less than 3 months.

What is sub chronic toxicity study?

Similar to shorter repeated dose toxicity study designs, the purpose of chronic and subchronic toxicity study is to further test the hypotheses regarding mode of action, predict the health effects of your therapeutic entity in human exposure, identify target organs, further characterize the dose-response relationship.

What is levamisole hydrochloride used for?

Levamisole is an antihelminthic drug that was commonly used for the treatment of parasitic, viral, and bacterial infections. It was manufactured by Janssen and first used in 1969 as an agent to treat worm infestations 6 Levamisole was approved by the FDA in 1990 as an adjuvant treatment for colon cancer.

Is levamisole safe in pregnant cow?

Safe in pregnancy & lactation.

Is fenbendazole toxic?

Fenbendazole is of low acute toxicity after oral exposure. No acute exposure limit is available. Based on limited human data it appears that doses up to 500 mg per person did not result in adverse effects. Moreover, single doses up to 2,000 mg per person were reported to cause no adverse effects.

Is fenbendazole safe for human consumption?

According to Kim, fenbendazole has been proven to be safe for 40 years, and the human absorption rate of the drug is very low at 20 percent, making it difficult to show toxicity. Besides, the agent is toxic to lower organisms such as parasites, and less toxic to higher organisms such as humans and mammals, she said.

How do you test for Fascioliasis?

The infection typically is diagnosed by examining stool (fecal) specimens under a microscope. The diagnosis is confirmed if Fasciola eggs are seen. More than one specimen may need to be examined to find the parasite. Certain types of blood tests also may be helpful for diagnosing Fasciola infection.

Is oxyclozanide toxic for oral administration?

The acute and 28-day repeated oral toxicity of oxyclozanide were carried out to supply the toxicity of oxyclozanide and to provide guidance for phase II clinical trials. In this study, we evaluated the acute and subacute toxicity of oxyclozanide in rats for oral administration.

What is the LD 50 of oxyclozanide?

A high oral lethal dose (LD 50) of 3,707 mg/kg was observed in the acute toxicity test. During the 28-days time period, no obvious adverse effects or death were detected. Histopathological changes were observed in the heart, liver, and kidney of animals treated with high dose of oxyclozanide.

What is the concentration of oxyclozanide in rats?

The concentrations of oxyclozanide suspension were 250.00, 184.50, 136.50, 101.25, and 75.00 mg/mL. For the acute study, 20 rats were divided into five groups (two males, two females) in pre-experiments. The high-dose group was 5,000 mg/kg and the low-dose group was 1,000 mg/kg.

What are the pharmacokinetic characteristics of oxyclozanide?

Oxyclozanide has also good pharmacokinetic characteristics, including rapid absorption and long elimination of half-life ( 10, 21, 22 ). In recent years, oxyclozanide has still been explored and researched.