What is il12p70?
What is il12p70?
Interleukin-12, p70 (IL-12 p70) is a disulfide-linked heterodimeric 70-kDa cytokine composed of a 197 amino acid 35-kDA (p35) subunit and a 306 amino acid 40-kDa (p40) subunit. It is naturally produced by dendritic cells, macrophages and human B-lymphoblastoid cells in response to antigenic stimulation.
Is Il 12p70 proinflammatory?
IL-12p70 is a heterodimer composed of p35 and p40 and is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that enhances Th1 (40, 41), cytotoxic CD8+ T (42), and NK (43) cell responses by increasing IFN-γ production (44).
Is IL 12 a proinflammatory cytokine?
Interleukin-12: a proinflammatory cytokine with immunoregulatory functions that bridge innate resistance and antigen-specific adaptive immunity.
Is IL 6 a proinflammatory?
IL-6 exhibits two contrasting features. In models of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as collagen-induced arthritis, murine colitis, or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, IL-6 is proinflammatory [28,29], whereas in models of acute inflammation IL-6 exhibits an anti-inflammatory profile [10].
What produces il21?
IL-21 is a pleiotropic type I cytokine that is produced mainly by T cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells. This cytokine has diverse effects on a broad range of cell types including, but not limited to, CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, B cells, macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) 1 ( Figure 1).
What is the function of IL 2 in the immune response?
IL-2 increases the cell killing activity of both natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells. Its expression and secretion is tightly regulated and functions as part of both transient positive and negative feedback loops in mounting and dampening immune responses.
What does TNF alpha do?
Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha), is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and is responsible for a diverse range of signalling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis. The protein is also important for resistance to infection and cancers.
What does the IL-12 cytokine do?
Key Points. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates T-cell and natural killer-cell responses, induces the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), favours the differentiation of T helper 1 (TH1) cells and is an important link between innate resistance and adaptive immunity.
What does IL-12 stimulate?
IL-12, a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of a p40 and p35 subunit, has been identified as an immune cell stimulator that promotes differentiation and proliferation of T cells and enhances the production of interferon gamma.
Which interleukins are pro-inflammatory?
It is generally accepted that interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor-α are pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, IL-6 becomes a protagonist among them since it predominately induces pro-inflammatory signaling and regulates massive cellular processes.
Is Il 1b proinflammatory?
Interleukin-1 β is a proinflammatory cytokine that modulates neurotoxic neurotransmission and prolongs kainate-induced seizures by enhancing glutamatergic neurotransmission (347).
Where are IL 21 produced?
Sources of IL-21 and its major biological actions in different immune cell types. IL-21 is produced mainly by CD4 + T cells and NKT cells (see bold arrows), but it is also produced by CD8 + T cells.
Is IL-12p40 a monomer or homodimer?
IL-12 is a 70-kDa heterodimeric cytokine composed of two disulfide-bound subunits designated p35 (35 kDa) and p40 (40 kDa). IL-12p40 is thought to be a natural antagonist of IL-12p70, acting, at least in part, by competitive binding to the IL-12 receptor. Both in vitro and in vivo, the p40 subunit is secreted as a monomer or homodimer.
How does IL-12p40 act as an antagonist to Il 12p70?
IL-12p40 is thought to be a natural antagonist of IL-12p70, acting, at least in part, by competitive binding to the IL-12 receptor. Both in vitro and in vivo, the p40 subunit is secreted as a monomer or homodimer.
What is IL-12 (IL-12)?
IL-12 was the first heterodimeric cytokine discovered 359 and is the founding member of the IL-12 family of cytokines that consists of IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, and IL-35 ( Figure 130-6 ).
Why do dcdcs produce IL-12 p70?
DCs are potent producers of bioactive IL-12 p70 in response to CD40 ligation ( Cella et al., 1996) or following exposure to pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I and LPS ( Hilkens et al., 1997 ). IL-12 is classically thought of as the most efficient promoter of T H 1 differentiation ( Heufler et al., 1996 ).
