What is the meaning of reproductive toxicity?
What is the meaning of reproductive toxicity?
Reproductive toxicity includes adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as well as developmental toxicity in the offspring.
What is reproductive toxicology studies?
Reproductive toxicology is the study of the effects of chemicals on the reproductive and neuroendocrine systems, and also the embryo, fetus, neonate and prepubertal mammal.
What are two types of reproductive toxins?
Reproductive toxins include physical agents (e.g. radiation), biological agents (e.g. viruses), maternal metabolic imbalances, and chemical agents. This section will focus on chemical reproductive toxins.
What are affected during reproduction toxicology?
Reproductive toxicity is a hazard associated with some chemical substances, which interfere in some way with normal reproduction; such substances are called reprotoxic. They may adversely affect sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as well as causing developmental toxicity in the offspring.
What chemicals affect the reproductive system?
The worst fertility disrupters are organochlorine compounds (chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and dioxins), bisphenol A (BPA), and organophosphate pesticides and herbicides. However, many other chemicals, metals, and air pollutants seriously damage fertility.
What is developmental and reproductive toxicity?
Reproductive toxicity is defined as adverse effects of a chemical substance on sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as well as developmental toxicity in the offspring. Developmental toxicity pertains to adverse toxic effects to the developing embryo or fetus.
Why is Occupational Toxicology important?
The objective of the occupational toxicologist is to prevent adverse health effects in workers that result from their work environment. Because the work environment often presents exposures to complex mixtures, the occupational toxicologist must also recognize exposure combinations that are particularly hazardous.
What are the three types of toxins?
Types. There are generally five types of toxic entities; chemical, biological, physical, radiation and behavioural toxicity: Disease-causing microorganisms and parasites are toxic in a broad sense but are generally called pathogens rather than toxicants.
What are phthalates?
Phthalates are a group of chemicals used in hundreds of products, such as toys, vinyl flooring and wall covering, detergents, lubricating oils, food packaging, pharmaceuticals, blood bags and tubing, and personal care products, such as nail polish, hair sprays, aftershave lotions, soaps, shampoos, perfumes and other …
Why is occupational Toxicology important?
What can damage the reproductive systems?
Here are three common problems that may be affecting your reproductive system.
- Endometriosis. Endometriosis is a common problem for many women.
- Uterine Fibroids. In terms of noncancerous tumors in women of childbearing age, uterine fibroids are the most common.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
What are the problems affecting the female reproductive system?
Female reproductive system problems endometriosis – the presence and growth of functioning endometrial tissue in places other than the uterus. polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) fibroids – non-malignant tumours of the womb. infertility – inability to become pregnant.
What is reproductive toxicology and developmental toxicity?
Reproductive toxicology represents the harmful effects by agents on the progeny and/or impairment of male and female reproductive functions. Developmental toxicity involves any adverse effect induced prior to attainment of adult life.
What isreproductive toxicology?
Reproductive toxicology is the subject area dealing with the causes, mechanisms, effects and prevention of disturbances throughout the entire reproductive cycle, including fertility induced by chemicals.
What is the FDA’s policy on reproductive toxicity testing?
The FDA requires reproductive toxicity testing for any NME to be used in women of childbearing potential, regardless of whether the target population is pregnant women. Reproductive toxicity studies have generally been conducted in a three-segment testing protocol:
How do you assess the effects of toxicity on fertility?
An assessment of male and female fertility by thorough standard histopathological examination of the testis and ovary in a repeated-dose toxicity study (generally rodent) of at least 2-week duration is considered to be as sensitive as fertility studies for detecting toxic effects on male and female reproductive organs [24,25,26].
