What are some examples of chlorinated hydrocarbons?
What are some examples of chlorinated hydrocarbons?
The chlorinated hydrocarbons were developed beginning in the 1940s after the discovery (1939) of the insecticidal properties of DDT. Other examples of this series are BHC, lindane, Chlorobenzilate, methoxychlor, and the cyclodienes (which include aldrin, dieldrin, chlordane, heptachlor, and endrin).
What is a chlorinated organic compounds?
Chlorinated solvents are organic compounds generally constructed of a simple hydrocarbon chain (typically one to three carbon atoms in length). They can be divided into three categories based on their structural characteristics: chlorinated methanes, chlorinated ethanes and chlorinated ethenes.
Are chlorinated hydrocarbons still used?
Chlorinated hydrocarbons are widely used as solvents and raw materials for the synthesis of various useful products, such as cleaning agents, pesticides and poly vinyl chloride (PVC). These chlorinated hydrocarbons, however, cause serious environmental problems when they were released into the air or water media.
Are chlorinated hydrocarbons toxic?
Chlorinated hydrocarbons are of major toxicologic concern, and many (eg, DDT [dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane] and chlordane) have been banned from commercial use because they persist in the environment and accumulate in biological systems.
What do chlorinated hydrocarbons cause?
The chlorinated hydrocarbon and pyrethroid insecticides may cause endocrine disruption by hindering the ability of cells, tissues and organs to communicate hormonally by influencing the synthesis, transport, binding or elimination of natural hormones in the body which are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis.
Where are chlorinated hydrocarbons found?
Some chlorinated hydrocarbons such as the industrial chemicals PCBs and chlorinated pesticides such as DDT are considered pollutants because they entered the environment, including the oceans in the 1940s to 1970s and became distributed globally by atmospheric and oceanic transport processes resulting in these …
Why is chlorine used in pesticides?
Probably the most important use of chlorine is as a water purifier. Among the important organic compounds containing chlorine are the chlorinated hydrocarbons-hydrocarbons that have had some of their hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorine atoms. A variety of chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as insecticides.
Is bleach a chlorinated solvent?
Chlorine has a variety of uses. It is also used in cleaning products, including household bleach which is chlorine dissolved in water. Chlorine is used in the preparation of chlorides, chlorinated solvents, pesticides, polymers, synthetic rubbers, and refrigerants.
Where do chlorinated hydrocarbons come from?
In addition, a variety of simple chlorinated hydrocarbons including dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride have been isolated from marine algae. A majority of the chloromethane in the environment is produced naturally by biological decomposition, forest fires, and volcanoes.
What is a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides?
Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides (OCs) are diverse synthetic chemicals that belong to several groups, based on chemical structure. DDT is the best known of these insecticides. The insecticidal properties of cyclodienes, which include aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin (Table 40.1), were discovered about 1945.
Which chemical is called chlorinated hydrocarbons?
Chlorinated hydrocarbon (CHC) is a generic term given to compounds containing chlorine, carbon and hydrogen. The term can be used to describe organochlorine pesticides such as lindane and DDT, industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and chlorine waste products such as dioxins and furans.
What are 2 uses of chlorine?
Chlorine also has a multitude of industrial uses. Including making bulk materials like bleached paper products, plastics such as PVC and the solvents tetrachloromethane, chloroform and dichloromethane. It is also used to make dyes, textiles, medicines, antiseptics, insecticides and paints.
What are the causes of chlorofluorocarbons?
Chlorofluorocarbons enter the body primarily by inhalation of air containing chlorofluorocabons, but can also enter by ingestion of contaminated water, or by dermal contact with chlorofluorocarbons. Inhalation of high levels of chlorofluorocarbons can affect the lungs, central nervous system, heart, liver and kidneys.
Why were chlorofluorocarbons first developed?
Chlorofluorocarbons, of CFCs, are chemical compounds developed as an alternative to more dangerous chemicals for a variety of applications. They were developed in the 1930s for use mainly in refrigeration and as a substance for propellants in products such as aerosol cans.
What are the sources of chlorofluorocarbons?
Most chlorofluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere through leakages from refrigerants and the use of aerosols. They have no notable natural sources. Chlorofluorocarbons are chemical compounds composed of carbon, fluorine and chlorine.
What do chlorofluorocarbons do?
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are nontoxic, nonflammable chemicals containing atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine . They are used in the manufacture of aerosol sprays, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, as solvents, and as refrigerants. CFCs owe their existence to accidents that occurred in the early 1900s.
