What is groundwater parameters?

What is groundwater parameters?

The eight parameters are Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), salinity, pH, turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), chloride and other parameter is depth to groundwater level.

How is ground water quality measured?

Water temperature is usually measured in degrees Celsius, using a thermometer or a thermistor. Normally, if temperature is measured electronically using a thermistor this device is built into an instrument which is capable of taking other water quality measurements (e.g., pH) as well.

What is TDS in ground water?

Total dissolved solids (TDS) is the term used to describe the inorganic salts and small amounts of organic matter present in solution in water. The principal constituents are usually calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium cations and carbonate, hydrogencarbonate, chloride, sulfate, and nitrate anions.

Who limits water conductivity?

2500 micro-Siemens per centimetre
The limit for drinking water conductivity is 2500 micro-Siemens per centimetre (µS/cm).

What is groundwater chemistry?

Ground water may contain dissolved minerals and gases that give it the tangy taste enjoyed by many people. The most common dissolved mineral substances are sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate. In water chemistry, these substances are called common constituents.

What is the other term used for confining layer?

‘ A number of similar or synonymous terms exist for these features; aquicludes are also known as confining or impermeable layers, and aquitards as semi-confining or leaky impermeable layers.

What is the pH of ground water?

about 6.0 to 8.5
In the absence of coal or iron sulfide minerals, the pH of groundwater typically ranges from about 6.0 to 8.5, depending on the type of soil and rock contacted.

What is the pH level of underground water?

3.33 to 7.0
The groundwater ranges in pH from 3.33 to 7.0 with an average value of 5.12 (even lower than that of local rainwater, 5.88).

What is the difference between TSS and TDS?

TSS is measured by weighing the dried material on the filter. TDS is defined as the portion of organic and inorganic solids passing through the same filter (Rice et al. The composition of TSS may include sand, silt, clay, mineral precipitates, and biological matter.

What is a pH of water?

pH Factsheet. The pH of water is a measurement of how acidic or how basic the water is. We measure pH on a scale of 0 (pure acid) to 14 (pure alkaline solution). Distilled water is neutral and has a pH of 7.

Why is conductivity important in water?

The reason that the conductivity of water is important is because it can tell you how much dissolved substances, chemicals, and minerals are present in the water. Higher amounts of these impurities will lead to a higher conductivity.

What is the normal conductivity of drinking water?

200 to 800 µS/cm
Pure distilled and deionized water has a conductivity of 0.05 µS/cm, which corresponds to a resistivity of 18 megohm-cm (MΩ). Seawater has a conductivity of 50 mS/cm, and drinking water has a conductivity of 200 to 800 µS/cm.

What does CGWA stand for?

Also, Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) has been constituted under The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 for the purpose of regulation and control of ground water development and management in the Country.

What are the new CGWA guidelines for drawing groundwater?

The Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) has framed a new set of Guidelines for drawing groundwater, which shall be effective from 1st June, 2019. The new Guidelines shall have Pan India application and shall supersede the earlier ones.

What is the average achievement of CGWA students in Ghaziabad?

Indeed, the entire Ghaziabad municipal area is notified and yet houses 14,160 small-scale industries and 145 medium and heavy ones, employing about 100,000 people. Overall, in 2014, the average achievement percentages for CGWA were 77% in reading and 70% in mathematics.

What is CGWA report on Rakesh Kumar v GNCTD?

Report by Central Groundwater Authority (CGWA) in OA No. 685 of 2019 in the matter of Rakesh Kumar Vs GNCTD in compliance of National Green Tribunal order of May 15, 2020. The report deals with remedial