How is atorvastatin synthesis?

How is atorvastatin synthesis?

[18F]Atorvastatin was synthesized via an optimized ruthenium-mediated late-stage 18F-deoxyfluorination. The defluoro-hydroxy precursor was produced via Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis and was followed by coordination of the phenol to a ruthenium complex, affording the labeling precursor in approximately 10% overall yield.

What are reactions to atorvastatin?

Side effects of atorvastatin include:

• Gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea.
• Cold symptoms such as a runny or stuffy nose.
• Joint pain.
• Insomnia.
• Urinary tract infection.
• Nausea.
• Loss of appetite.
• Indigestion symptoms such as stomach discomfort or pain.

How many stereoisomers does atorvastatin have?

Structurally, statins are chiral compounds having two asymmetrical centres in the molecule, enabling formation of four different enantiomers: 3R5R, 3R5S, 3S5R and 3S5S (Fig 1).

Is atorvastatin metabolized by CYP3A4?

Key Messages. Simvastatin and to a lesser extent atorvastatin are metabolised by the hepatic isoenzyme CYP3A4. CYP3A4 inhibitors may increase the plasma concentration of these statins, increasing the risk of adverse reactions such myopathy and/or rhabdomyolysis.

What is the mechanism of action of atorvastatin?

Mechanism of Action Atorvastatin competitively inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. [2] By preventing the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, statin medications decrease cholesterol production in the liver.

Can you be allergic to atorvastatin?

Allergy warning Atorvastatin can cause a severe allergic reaction. Symptoms can include: swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. trouble breathing.

What is the most serious side effect of atorvastatin?

Common Lipitor side effects are diarrhea, upset stomach, muscle and joint pain, and changes in some blood tests, according to Pfizer Inc. The drug label also warns of serious side effects such as liver problems and muscle problems that can lead to kidney failure.

What kind of chemical is atorvastatin?

Atorvastatin is a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is a member of the drug class known as statins, used primarily for lowering blood cholesterol and for preventing cardiovascular diseases. It has a role as an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic.

How is atorvastatin supplied?

The recommended starting dose of LIPITOR is 10 or 20 mg once daily. Patients who require a large reduction in LDL-C (more than 45%) may be started at 40 mg once daily. The dosage range of LIPITOR is 10 to 80 mg once daily. LIPITOR can be administered as a single dose at any time of the day, with or without food.

How is atorvastatin metabolized?

Atorvastatin acid is extensively metabolised in both the gut and liver by oxidation, lactonisation and glucuronidation, and the metabolites are eliminated by biliary secretion and direct secretion from blood to the intestine.

Which statins are metabolized by CYP3A4?

Most of the statins are metabolized through the cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic pathway; atorvastatin (Lipitor), simvastatin (Zocor), and lovastatin (Mevacor, Altocor) via the CYP3A4 isoenzyme, and fluvastatin (Lescol) via CYP2C9.

What are the side effects of atorvastatin?

Painful myalgia with a significant creatine kinase release (> 2000 IU/l) is also associated with the use of atorvastatin [35]. Gastrointestinal side effects, such as constipation, flatulence, dyspepsia, and abdominal pain, are common with the consumption of the drug [34].

What is the first synthesis of atorvastatin?

The first synthesis of atorvastatin by Bruce Roth’s group at Warner–Lambert ( Scheme 4) 18 describes a racemic synthesis followed by derivatization and separation of the resulting diastereomers by chromatography.

How long does atorvastatin take to work?

Atorvastatin is readily absorbed after the oral administration. Multiple daily dosages in the form of 2.5–80 mg capsules produce a maximum steady state concentration ( Cmax) of 1.95–252 μ g/ml within 1–2 h. The AUC increases in proportion to the dose of atorvastatin, but the increase in Cmax is greater than for the proportional dose.

Is rosuvastatin a statin drug?

Atorvastatin, and the newer rosuvastatin, are the only members of this class of agents (statins) currently approved for both uses. The mechanism of action for atorvastatin is competitive, reversible inhibition of HMG CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34), the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis.