How is poliovirus replicated?
How is poliovirus replicated?
The replication cycle of poliovirus is initiated by binding to the cell surface receptor CD155 (1). The virion forms a pore in the cell membrane through which viral RNA is released into the cytoplasm (2). Translation of the viral RNA occurs by an IRES-mediated mechanism (3).
How does the influenza virus replicate?
The influenza virus has a negative sense RNA genome. In order to replicate, this means that the virus must first produce positive sense mRNA in order to produce necessary enzymes. Once the enzymes are translated, replication can take place.
How does the polio virus enter and replicate in a person?
In humans, poliovirus is ingested, and replicates in cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Newly synthesized virus particles are released into the intestine and shed in the feces. Transmission of poliovirus to another human occurs through contact with virus-containing feces or contaminated water.
Where does poliovirus replication occur?
Poliovirus infection occurs by the fecal-oral route, when the host ingests the virus, which replicates in the alimentary tract. The virus is then shed in the feces. Most polio infections are asymptomatic. In about 5 percent of cases, the virus replicates in other tissues.
Is poliovirus a picornavirus?
Picornaviruses constitute the family Picornaviridae, order Picornavirales, and realm Riboviria. There are 158 species in this family, assigned to 68 genera. Notable examples are genera Enterovirus (including Rhinovirus and Poliovirus), Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, and Hepatovirus.
What determines whether productive replication of the influenza virus occurs?
Productive replication of avian influenza viruses in chicken endothelial cells is determined by hemagglutinin cleavability and is related to innate immune escape.
How do viruses reproduce steps?
Key Takeaways
- Viral replication involves six steps: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release.
- During attachment and penetration, the virus attaches itself to a host cell and injects its genetic material into it.
How do viruses infect and replicate?
Viruses cannot replicate on their own, but rather depend on their host cell’s protein synthesis pathways to reproduce. This typically occurs by the virus inserting its genetic material in host cells, co-opting the proteins to create viral replicates, until the cell bursts from the high volume of new viral particles.
What type of human cell does the poliovirus infect?
In the event that polio infects CNS cells, it can then replicate in motor neurons in the anteriror horn and the brain stem. The damage caused by this can result in nervous cell and tissue destruction, leading to the symptoms of paralysis in polio victims (17).
