Is 7-AAD toxic to cells?
Is 7-AAD toxic to cells?
7-AAD is a membrane impermeant dye that is generally excluded from viable cells.
What is 7-AAD used for?
7-AAD (7-amino-actinomycin D) has a high DNA binding constant and is efficiently excluded by intact cells. It is useful for DNA analysis and dead cell discrimination during flow cytometric analysis.
What is DRAQ5?
DRAQ5™ Fluorescent Probe is a far-red DNA stain for fluorescent cellular imaging applications with live or fixed cells. It is commonly chosen to counterstain nuclei and measure DNA content in cell proliferation studies involving cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins.
What does DRAQ5 stain for?
DRAQ5™ is a far-red emitting, anthraquinone compound that stains nuclei in live cells. It is permeant to live cells and thus can be used for cell cycle analysis and/or staining of nucleated cells.
How do I use DRAQ5?
Add DRAQ5™ directly as supplied to a final concentration of 5 – 20µM to the cells. Alternatively, DRAQ5™ can be added to the fresh buffer/ media prior to resuspending the cells in it. 4. Gently mix the cells and then incubate for 5 – 30 minutes at Room temperature.
What is DAPI blue?
DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) is a blue-fluorescent DNA stain that exhibits ~20-fold enhancement of fluorescence upon binding to AT regions of dsDNA. It is excited by the violet (405 nm) laser line and is commonly used as a nuclear counterstain in fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and chromosome staining.
What does DRAQ5 bind?
DRAQ5 was found to intercalate or bind to the minor groove of AT-rich regions [7,10]. In theoretical simulations, a bi-mechanistic interaction was also suggested [11]. We recently categorized DRAQ5 as a concentration dependent intercalator and a minor-groove binder [5].
Why do we use DAPI?
A simple-to-use fluorescent stain, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), visualizes nuclear DNA in both living and fixed cells. DAPI staining was used to determine the number of nuclei and to assess gross cell morphology. DAPI staining allows multiple use of cells eliminating the need for duplicate samples.
How can I stain 7-amino actinomycin D (7-AAD)?
Several different fluorochromes can be used to stain non-viable cells including 7-amino actinomycin D (7-AAD). 7-AAD is a membrane impermeant dye that is generally excluded from viable cells. It binds to double stranded DNA by intercalating between base pairs in G-C-rich regions. 7-AAD can be excited at 488 nm with an argon laser.
What is actinomycin D used to treat?
Actinomycin D, one of the oldest anticancer drugs, is administered intravenously and used in the treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), Wilms’ tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing’s sarcoma, among others.
What is the structure of dactinomycin D?
Structure of dactinomycin. Actinomycin D (dactinomycin, Cosmogen®) is a natural chromopeptide composed of a heterocyclic chromophore and two cyclic pentapeptide lactone rings. The heterocyclic fragment is a phenoxazine derivative, containing a quinonimine portion, and is responsible for the color of the compound and its intercalative ability.
Can dactinomycin cause liver damage?
Dactinomycin is an intravenously administered, antineoplastic antibiotic that is used in the treatment of solid tumors in children and choriocarcinoma in adult women. In high doses, dactinomycin can cause severe liver injury including sinusoidal obstruction syndrome.
