Is Tsst-1 an exotoxin?
Is Tsst-1 an exotoxin?
Staphylococcal and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome toxins (TSST-1, streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins, streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin Z260) are superantigens that can activate large numbers of circulating T cells to release cytokines.
What is the toxin produced by Staphylococcus?
Amongst the more common toxins secreted by S. aureus are hemolysin, leukotoxin, exfoliative toxin, enterotoxin, and toxic-shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Aside from toxins, staphylococcal virulence factors also include enzymes and surface proteins.
How do Superantigens cause toxic shock syndrome?
Superantigens interact with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells to induce T cell proliferation and massive cytokine production, which leads to fever, rash, capillary leak, and subsequent hypotension, the major symptoms of toxic shock syndrome.
What does TSST toxin do?
Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) is a superantigen with a size of 22 kDa produced by 5 to 25% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. It causes toxic shock syndrome (TSS) by stimulating the release of large amounts of interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor.
What are type 1 toxins?
Examples of superantigens include toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE), Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), and enterotoxogenic E. coli (ETEC) enterotoxin.
How does Tsst 1 exotoxin lead to toxic shock?
What is the most common cause of toxic shock syndrome?
Most commonly, Staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria cause toxic shock syndrome. The syndrome can also be caused by group A streptococcus (strep) bacteria.
What temperature kills Staphylococcus aureus toxins?
Growth of staphylococci and production of toxin are greatest at approximately 20–37 °C, but growth can occur between 8 and 48 °C. This toxin is heat stable, being tolerant to boiling for 1 h. Canning under pressure at 121 °C for 30 min is sufficient to destroy the toxin.
