What are housekeeping genes used for in PCR?
What are housekeeping genes used for in PCR?
Housekeeping genes are cellular maintenance genes which regulate basic and ubiquitous cellular functions. In many RT-qPCR reactions, these genes are used as internal control genes without proper validation.
Are housekeeping genes constitutive?
Housekeeping genes are typically constitutive genes that are required for the maintenance of basal cellular functions that are essential for the existence of a cell, regardless of its specific role in the tissue or organism.
Is RNA polymerase a housekeeping gene?
The five housekeeping genes that we have used in our Streptomyces MLSA scheme are atpD (ATP synthase F1, β-subunit), gyrB (DNA gyrase, B subunit), recA (recombinase A), rpoB (RNA polymerase, β-subunit) and trpB (tryptophan synthase, β-subunit); the physical distance between any two of these genes is greater than 30 kb …
What are constitutive genes?
Constitutive genes are those that are always active. Genes for ribosomes are an example. They are constantly being transcribed because ribosomes are constantly needed for protein synthesis. Inducible genes are those that have variable activity, depending on the needs of the cell.
How are housekeeping genes used?
Housekeeping genes are involved in basic cell maintenance and, therefore, are expected to maintain constant expression levels in all cells and conditions. Identification of these genes facilitates exposure of the underlying cellular infrastructure and increases understanding of various structural genomic features.
What is constitutive gene?
Are constitutive genes regulated?
Constitutive genes are always being expressed (usually at a basal/regular level) but regulated genes are only expressed under certain necessary conditions in order to save cellular energy. This is an advantage because it means the bacteria only needs one operon in order to regulated multiple genes.
Why do you need a reference gene for qPCR?
The identification of gold-standard reference genes is crucial to produce reliable qPCR results. The expression of reference genes is used to correct the fluctuations in the target gene expression levels caused by technical variations in the quantity of total RNA or in the cDNA synthesis.
