What are mouse ES cells?
What are mouse ES cells?
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are cells derived from the inner cell mass of the developing blastocyst1. They are able to self-renew indefinitely in vitro while preserving the developmental potential to reconstitute all embryonic lineages, ability that has been termed ‘naive’ pluripotency2.
How transgenic mice are produced?
Typically, transgenic mice are generated by microinjecting the transgenic construct into a fertilized egg (oocyte or zygote). An alternative way to effectively introduce a transgene into an egg is the use of a retrovirus vector.
What is a transgenic mice model?
Transgenic mice are mouse models that have had their genomes altered for the purpose of studying gene functions. At Charles River, we help hundreds of global customers by delivering study-ready, transgenic mice to meet their research needs.
What are transgenic technologies?
A transgenic, or genetically modified, organism is one that has been altered through recombinant DNA technology, which involves either the combining of DNA from different genomes or the insertion of foreign DNA into a genome.
What is ES cell culture?
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are used to generate mouse mutants by gene targeting and blastocyst-mediated transgenesis. ES cells must be cultured under conditions that prevent differentiation to maintain their ability to transmit altered alleles by contributing to the germ line.
Where are mouse embryonic stem cells found?
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are derived from pre-implantation stage embryos 1,2. The progenitor cells that give rise to mESCs reside in the epiblast of the late blastocyst (~4 days post coitum) and express several pluripotency-associated factors, including Oct3/4 (Pou5f1) and Nanog 3.
What are the applications of transgenic mice?
Transgenic mice are extensively used as animal models for understanding human diseases and for the production of therapeutic agents. Adequate care, however, must be exercised before extrapolating data of transgenic mice to humans.
How are transgenic mice are used in research?
Transgenic mice can also be used to study gene function or to generate models for human genetic disease, provided that the desired effect can be observed when the transgene is expressed in the presence of the multitude of host genes. In other words, dominant gain-of-function genetic alterations can be studied.
What are transgenic mice useful for?
Why are transgenic mice used?
They have been used to study and model obesity, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, substance abuse, anxiety, aging, temperature and pain reception, and Parkinson disease. Transgenic mice generated to carry cloned oncogenes and knockout mice lacking tumor suppressing genes have provided good models for human cancer.
What is an example of transgenic?
Organisms that have altered genomes are known as transgenic. Perhaps the most famous examples are food crops like soy and corn that have been genetically modified for pest and herbicide resistance. These crops are widely known as “GMOs” (genetically modified organisms).
What are embryos used for?
These tiny embryos can be used for research, and scientists used them to figure out how to grow pluripotent cells in the lab (Figure 2). These cells are called embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Figure 2 – Microscope image of human ESCs. ESCs grow as a cluster of cells, which can be seen in the middle of the figure.
How do you make a transgenic mouse?
Through this method, researchers can overexpress new genes, effectively creating a transgenic mouse. The second method is through the modification of embryonic stem cells via homologous recombination, and the injection of the targeted ES cells into mouse blastocysts.
How to generate 100% ES cell-derived mice?
You can use C57BL/6 BAC DNA to generate your construct, the cells are highly robust, and you can generate 100% ES cell-derived mice directly (skipping chimeras) by injecting the targeted cells into tetraploid blastocysts.
What are mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells?
Detailed description of each type of ES cell line and complete explanations behind the cell line-specific process of efficiently building your new mouse colony. There are three types of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells that are used routinely for targeting and generation of mice at MIT: 129, C57BL/6 and 129/B6 F1.
How are transgenic mice used to study human diseases?
The most common methods of introducing a transgene into an animal model involve genetic manipulation, such as by pronuclear injection of embryos or by homologous recombination in cells. As a result, the use of genetically enhanced transgenic mice has become a crucial part of the science behind finding new treatments for human diseases.
