What do CD40 and CD40L do?

What do CD40 and CD40L do?

CD40L/CD40 expression is known to be up-regulated in atheroma-associated cells. CD40L/CD40 interactions activate these cells by promoting the expression of molecules thought to be involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation, such as adhesion molecules, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue factor.

How is CD40 activated?

In the macrophage, the primary signal for activation is IFN-γ from Th1 type CD4 T cells. The secondary signal is CD40L (CD154) on the Th1 cell which binds CD40 on the macrophage cell surface. As a result, the macrophage expresses more CD40 and TNF receptors on its surface which helps increase the level of activation.

What does CD40 stand for?

Cluster of differentiation 40
Introduction. Cluster of differentiation 40, CD40 (also known TNFRSF5, Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5.) is a costimulatory protein and expresses on antigen presenting cells (APC).

Is CD40 expressed on T cells?

The ligand for CD40, CD154, is expressed on activated T cells and allows for interactions with APC during the cognitive phase of the immune response, as well as directing effector T cell-dependent B cell ac- tivation (3). The role of CD40 as a direct signal receptor has now been ex- panded to T cells.

What is a CD40 agonist?

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma.

Is CD40 constitutively expressed?

CD40 is constitutively expressed on platelets and provides a novel mechanism for platelet activation. Circ Res.

Is CD40 a receptor?

Because of its essential role in immunity, one of the best characterized of the costimulatory molecules is the receptor CD40. This receptor, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, is expressed by B cells, professional antigen-presenting cells, as well as non-immune cells and tumors.

Is CD40 required for T cell activation?

For DCs to properly prime CD8+ T cell responses, licensing via DC-expressed CD40 is required (5–7). CD4+ T cell help has been identified as one of the sources of CD40L in the priming of CD8+ T cell responses and the CD4+ cells provide help by signaling either via DCs or to CD8+ T cells directly (8–10).

What is CD40 ligand deficiency?

CD40 ligand (CD40L) deficiency, previously known as X linked hyper-IgM syndrome, is a rare primary immune deficiency caused by a mutation in the gene encoding for the CD40L glycoprotein (CD154), expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes.1 ,2 CD40L expression is critical for the interaction of T lymphocytes with CD40.

CD40 stands for Cluster of Differentiation 40 (glycoprotein)

What does CD40 ligand mean?

CD40 ligand (CD40L), also known as CD154, is a protein that is primarily expressed on the surface of activated T cells and belongs to a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Lack of CD40L results in an inability to undergo immunoglobulin class switch and only class IgM antibodies can be generated.

Which cells have the CD40 ligand?

CD40 ligand is expressed on T cells, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, platelets, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. Its receptor, CD40, is expressed on B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells (van Kooten & Banchereau).