What does the DAF-16 gene do?
What does the DAF-16 gene do?
DAF-16 is the sole ortholog of the FOXO family of transcription factors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. It is responsible for activating genes involved in longevity, lipogenesis, heat shock survival and oxidative stress responses.
When DAF 2 is mutated is DAF-16 found in the nucleus or cytosol?
6. Insulin/IGF signaling cascade in two different states. In a fed state, under high insulin/IGF-1 signaling, DAF-16 is located in the cytosol, whereas under stress or starvation, DAF-16 is located in the nucleus.
What do FOXO proteins do?
Members of class O (FOXO- proteins) regulate metabolism, cellular proliferation, stress tolerance and possibly lifespan. The activity of FoxO is controlled by post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination.
How does the DAF 2 gene work?
The DAF-2 gene encodes for the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans. DAF-2 is also known to regulate reproductive development, resistance to oxidative stress, thermotolerance, resistance to hypoxia, and resistance to bacterial pathogens.
What kind of a protein is produced by the DAF 16 gene?
The daf-2 gene encodes a protein that is 35% identical to human insulin receptor and 34% identical to the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). The daf-16 gene is a Fork head transcription factor.
What happened to the C elegans when they mutated the DAF-2 gene?
Food limitation causes wild-type C. elegans juveniles to arrest development and enter the quiescent state of dauer diapause. Loss-of-function daf-2 mutants become dauers even in the presence of food.
What happened to the C elegans when they mutated the DAF 2 gene?
What is DAF-18 gene?
daf-18 encodes a homolog of the human tumor suppressor PTEN (MMAC1/TEP1), which has 3-phosphatase activity toward phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). DAF-18 PTEN may normally limit AKT-1 and AKT-2 activation by decreasing PIP3 levels.
What do FOXO transcription factors do?
FOXO transcription factors are conserved regulators of longevity downstream of insulin signaling. These transcription factors integrate signals emanating from nutrient deprivation and stress stimuli to coordinate programs of genes involved in cellular metabolism and resistance to oxidative stress.
What is the role of the FOXO gene What are the functions of some of the genes that FOXO controls?
The ability of FoxO1 to regulate cell proliferation and mediate the expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis, energy metabolism and oxidative stress allows it to play a critical role in metabolism. FoxO1 also plays a role in promoting adaptation to fasting.
What happened to the C elegans when they mutated the daf-2 gene?
Is daf-2 a gene?
daf-2, a key gene in the genetic pathway that mediates this endocrine signaling, encodes an insulin receptor family member. Decreases in DAF-2 signaling induce metabolic and developmental changes, as in mammalian metabolic control by the insulin receptor. Decreased DAF-2 signaling also causes an increase in life-span.
What is the pathophysiology of DAF-16 mutations?
DAF-16 is also located downstream of DAF-2, which signals in the IIS pathway. Mutants in this pathway age slower and have a lifespan up to twice as long as normal. Further studies have demonstrated that the lifespan extension is dependent on DAF-16. Other consequences of mutations in the DAF-16 gene is the inability to form dauers.
What is the function of DAF-16?
DAF-16 is also located downstream of DAF-2, which signals in the IIS pathway. Mutants in this pathway age slower and have a lifespan up to twice as long as normal. Further studies have demonstrated that the lifespan extension is dependent on DAF-16.
Where does DAF-16 enter the cell membrane?
DAF-16 may localise to the nucleus or cytoplasm, depending on resources. In nutrient rich conditions, DAF-2 and AKT-1/AKT-2 in the insulin pathway inhibits entry of DAF-16 to the nucleus as it is phosphorylated.
How is DAF-16 sequestered in the cytoplasm of the pancreas?
In nutrient rich conditions, DAF-2 and AKT-1/AKT-2 in the insulin pathway inhibits entry of DAF-16 to the nucleus as it is phosphorylated. However starvation, heat and oxidative stress inhibit phosphorylation by AKT and allow the localisation of DAF-16 to the nucleus. DAF-16 is sequestered in the cytoplasm when associated with ftt-2.
