What is DPD in chemotherapy?

What is DPD in chemotherapy?

The DPD enzyme helps our body to break down 5FU, capecitabine (also known as Xeloda) and tegafur (also known as tegafur-uracil and UFT). 5FU and capecitabine are two common chemotherapy drugs. They are used as a treatment for a number of different cancers, including: breast.

What causes DPD deficiency?

DPD deficiency is caused by mutations in the DPYD gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Babies with the severe form of DPD deficiency may be diagnosed based on the symptoms, and additional laboratory testing. Treatment for the severe form is based on the symptoms.

Is 5-fluorouracil toxic?

The clinical presentation of 5-fluorouracil toxicity may include fever, mucositis, stomatitis, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Neurologic abnormalities such as cerebellar ataxia and changes in cognitive function can also be see but only less than one percent of the population (Cordier et al.).

What is DPD lab test?

DPD testing [either the enzyme activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) or the DPYD genotype] identifies patients at higher risk for toxicity who may be treated more safely with a lower drug dose.

Is DPD hereditary?

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern , which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations.

How do you know if you have DPD deficiency?

Patients can be tested for DPD deficiency by measuring the level of uracil (a substance broken down by DPD) in the blood, or by checking for the presence of certain mutations (changes) in the gene for DPD. Relevant clinical guidelines should be taken into consideration.

Can you overdose on fluorouracil?

There is currently no standard definition of fluorouracil infusion overdose. Toxicities can include but are not limited to myelosuppression, mucositis, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, esophagitis and gastritis. potentially severe events can include cardiogenic shock, gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation.

How toxic is fluorouracil?

Severe Toxicities From 5-FU or Capecitabine Incidence rates have been reported as high as 40% but typically range about 20%–30% with 5-FU and 10%–14% with capecitabine. Fatality rates with 5-FU range from 0.5%–3.1% but have been reported as high as 13%. 5-FU is catabolized and eliminated by the DPD enzyme.

How long does a DPD blood test take?

As flucytosine may have to be given urgently, pre-treatment DPD testing (which may take up to one week) is not required in order to avoid any delay in starting therapy.

How do you test for DPD deficiency?

Patients can be tested for DPD deficiency by measuring the level of uracil (a substance broken down by DPD) in the blood, or by checking for the presence of certain mutations (changes) in the gene for DPD.