What is persistent Placoid Maculopathy?

What is persistent Placoid Maculopathy?

Persistent placoid maculopathy (PPM) is a rare clinical entity first described by Golchet et al1 in a series of 6 patients with clinical features that superficially resembled acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) and macular serpiginous choroidopathy.

What is a Placoid lesion?

A placoid-like lesion may be seen in cases of acute idiopathic maculopathy (AIM). 118 This is a self-limiting and rapidly evolving condition presenting with a transient exudative retinal detachment at the macula and resulting in a ‘bull’s-eye’ appearance after resolution (online supplemental figure 2).

What does white dot syndrome look like?

Typically seen in young, otherwise healthy adults, the white dot syndromes most often present with symptoms of photopsia, floaters, decreased night vision, blurred vision, and visual field loss.

What is multifocal Choroiditis and Panuveitis?

Multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis (MCP) is an inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, affecting the choroid, retina, and vitreous of the eye that presents asymmetrically, most often in young myopic women with photopsias, enlargement of the physiologic blind spot and decreased vision.

What are Elschnig spots?

Elschnig spots represent necrosis of choroidal arterioles and capillaries secondary to these acute rises in blood pressure, and were noted in rhesus monkeys within 24 h of the induction of malignant hypertension.

What are Angioid streaks?

Angioid streaks are bilateral, narrow, irregular lines deep to the retina configured in a radiating fashion emanating from the optic disc, which result from breaks in a weakened Bruch’s membrane.

What is cuticular drusen?

Cuticular drusen are small with steep sides and contain dense hyalinized contents that are identical to small, hard drusen. However, they are much more numerous than small, hard drusen and frequently coalesce, resulting in a diffuse appearance. This contrasts with soft drusen, which are larger and have sloping sides.

What is the difference between placoid lesions in RPC and APMPPE?

Placoid lesions in RPC are generally more numerous and peripheral, even anterior to the equator, when compared with APMPPE . Serpiginous chorioretinitis: The clinical course of SC is generally more chronic and severe than APMPPE.

What is the best imaging approach for multiple yellow-white placoid lesions?

Some have advocated for the use of a multimodal imaging approach that includes fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and fundus autofluorescence . 25 year-old with multiple yellow-white placoid lesions OD.

What is acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE)?

Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is an inflammatory chorioretinopathy which was first described by Gass in 1968 . It is classified as a White Dot Syndrome and is uncommon, with an estimated incidence of 0.15 cases per 100,000 persons .

What is APMPPE and what are the symptoms?

APMPPE is usually bilateral, affects women and men equally, has a tendency to occur between the 2nd to 4th decades, and can have associated systemic conditions. The most common complaint is blurred vision with central or paracentral scotomas, which may be associated with a flu-like prodrome and headache.