What is the meaning of poxviruses?
What is the meaning of poxviruses?
Definition of poxvirus : any of a family (Poxviridae) of brick-shaped or ovoid double-stranded DNA viruses that have a surface lipoprotein membrane covered with tubular or globular structures and that include the vaccinia virus and the causative agents of cowpox, myxomatosis of rabbits, and smallpox.
What are characteristics of poxviruses?
Poxviruses are brick or oval-shaped viruses with large double-stranded DNA genomes. Poxviruses exist throughout the world and cause disease in humans and many other types of animals. Poxvirus infections typically result in the formation of lesions, skin nodules, or disseminated rash.
Which 3 of the following poxviruses can infect humans?
Four genera of poxviruses may infect humans: orthopoxvirus, parapoxvirus, yatapoxvirus, molluscipoxvirus.
Which of the following is in the Poxviridae family of viruses?
Poxviruses (members of the Poxviridae family) can infect both humans and animals. The orthopoxviruses include smallpox (variola), monkeypox, vaccinia, cowpox, buffalopox, cantagalo, and aracatuba viruses.
How is pox virus treated?
If there were a smallpox outbreak, health officials would use smallpox vaccines to control it. While some antiviral drugs may help treat smallpox disease, there is no treatment for smallpox that has been tested in people who are sick with the disease and proven effective.
How is Poxviridae acquired?
With the exception of human monkeypox, which is usually acquired via the respiratory route, human poxvirus infections are acquired by inoculation into the skin or contact with broken skin (Fig. 69-2).
How do poxviruses work?
Some poxviruses express an epidermal growth factor and host range genes which play a role in pathogenesis and cell tropism. Human monkeypox is usually acquired via the respiratory tract, and during a 12-day incubation period viremia distributes infection to internal organs, which are damaged by virus infection.
What cells do poxviruses infect?
Poxviruses that infect vertebrates are of the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae and share several biological features. All are large, brick-shaped DNA viruses, with genomes that range from 130–300 kb, and all replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm of infected cells25.
What pathogen causes poxviruses?
Poxviruses are a highly successful family of pathogens, with variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, being the most notable member. Poxviruses are unique among animal viruses in several respects.
What are the mode of transmission of poxviruses?
Animal-to-human transmission may occur by bite or scratch, bush meat preparation, direct contact with body fluids or lesion material, or indirect contact with lesion material, such as through contaminated bedding. Human-to-human transmission is thought to occur primarily through large respiratory droplets.
Why do poxviruses replicate in the cytoplasm?
Poxviruses encode for more than 250 proteins, including the machinery that enables these viruses to carry out both transcription and replication in the cytoplasm (5). The com- plex life cycle of poxviruses thus occurs largely in the cytoplasm, although nuclear factors may be required for intermediate transcription (6).
How is smallpox diagnosis?
Smallpox can be diagnosed based on the patient’s clinical signs and symptoms. The disease can be definitively diagnosed by isolation of the virus from the blood or lesions, or by identification of antibodies in the blood made in response to the virus.
What is the meaning of poxvirus?
Definition of poxvirus : any of a family (Poxviridae) of brick-shaped or ovoid double-stranded DNA viruses that have a surface lipoprotein membrane covered with tubular or globular structures and that include the vaccinia virus and the causative agents of cowpox, myxomatosis of rabbits, and smallpox Examples of poxvirus in a Sentence
What are the different types ofpox viruses?
Orthopox: smallpox virus (variola), vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, monkeypox virus, rabbitpox virus; Parapox: orf virus, pseudocowpox, bovine papular stomatitis virus; Yatapox: tanapox virus, yaba monkey tumor virus ; Molluscipox: molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV).
Do poxviruses still exist in nature?
While some poxviruses, such as smallpox (variola virus), no longer exist in nature, other poxviruses can still cause disease. Smallpox is a serious, contagious, and sometimes fatal infectious disease.
What virus is most closely related to the cowpox virus?
Within the Othopoxvirus genus Cowpox virus strain Brighton Red, Ectromelia virus and Monkeypox virus do not group closely with any other member. Variola virus and Camelpox virus form a subgroup. Vaccinia virus is most closely related to CPV-GRI-90.
