What is the mnemonic for organophosphate poisoning?
What is the mnemonic for organophosphate poisoning?
Mnemonic devices used to remember the muscarinic effects of organophosphates are SLUDGE (salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, GI upset, emesis) and DUMBELS (diaphoresis and diarrhea; urination; miosis; bradycardia, bronchospasm, bronchorrhea; emesis; excess lacrimation; and salivation).
What are the signs of organophosphate toxicity?
Emergency signs of organophosphate poisoning include:
- very narrowed pupils.
- confusion.
- agitation.
- convulsions.
- excessive body secretions, including sweat, saliva, mucus, and tears.
- irregular heartbeat.
- collapse.
- respiratory depression or arrest.
Why Atropine is used in organophosphate poisoning?
Atropine competitively blocks the effects of acetylcholine, including excess acetylcholine due to organophosphorus poisoning, at muscarinic cholinergic receptors on smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, secretory gland cells, and in peripheral autonomic ganglia and the central nervous system.
What is the sludge mnemonic used for?
How much atropine is needed for organophosphate poisoning?
The definitive treatment for organophosphate poisoning is atropine, which competes with acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. The initial dose for adults is 2 to 5 mg IV or 0.05 mg/kg IV for children until reaching the adult dose.
What is atropine toxicity?
In overdose, atropine can cause tachycardia, agitation, delirium, dilated pupils, dry mucous membranes, dry skin, and hypoactive bowel sounds. These phenomena have been described even with attempted therapeutic ophthalmic use.
What does too little acetylcholine do?
Acetylcholine is an important and abundant neurotransmitter in the body. When there is too much or too little, a person may experience neurological problems, such as those that characterize Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease.
What does too much acetylcholine do?
Excessive accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junctions and synapses causes symptoms of both muscarinic and nicotinic toxicity. These include cramps, increased salivation, lacrimation, muscular weakness, paralysis, muscular fasciculation, diarrhea, and blurry vision.
How is atropine administered in organophosphate poisoning?
Much larger doses of atropine are often needed for OP pesticide poisoning than when atropine is used for other indications. In order to achieve adequate atropinization quickly, a doubling approach typically used, with escalation of doses from 1 mg to 2 mg, 4 mg, 8 mg, 16 mg, and so on.
