What is type II kerogen?
What is type II kerogen?
Type II kerogens are characterized by intermediate initial H/C ratios and intermediate initial O/C ratios. Type II kerogen is principally derived from marine organic materials, which are deposited in reducing sedimentary environments.
What is kerogen and its types?
Kerogens are described as Type I, consisting of mainly algal and amorphous (but presumably algal) kerogen and highly likely to generate oil; Type II, mixed terrestrial and marine source material that can generate waxy oil; and Type III, woody terrestrial source material that typically generates gas.
What are the four types of kerogen?
Kerogen quality
| Kerogen type | Predominant hydrocarbon potential | Amount of hydrogen |
|---|---|---|
| I | Oil prone | Abundant |
| II | Oil and gas prone | Moderate |
| III | Gas prone | Small |
| IV | Neither (primarily composed of vitrinite) or inert material | None |
What are the classification of kerogen?
The kerogen type has been classified according to hydrogen index (HI) values and hydrocarbon pyrolysis yields (S2). Type I and Type II kerogen commonly possess HI values more than 300 mg HC/g TOC and may be of either lacustrine or marine origin.
Is kerogen a coal?
The variety of kerogen termed coal is, of course, a very important source of energy. Less conspicuously, although equally important, kerogen occurs in varying amounts in mudstones. Originating as plant and animal detritus, this disseminated kerogen is the mother of petroleum (Figure 11).
Is kerogen a fossil fuel?
Oil shale is a type of sedimentary rock that is rich in kerogen. Like traditional petroleum, natural gas, and coal, oil shale and kerogen are fossil fuels.
How do you identify kerogen?
Determining kerogen quality The type of kerogen present in a rock determines its quality. Type I kerogen is the highest quality; type III is the lowest. Type I has the highest hydrogen content; type III, the lowest.
What is bitumen and kerogen?
Kerogen—the organic matter that is solid and insoluble in organic solvents—is a key component of organic-rich mudstones. Kerogen is consumed during thermal maturation, whereas bitumen is an intermediary formed at low maturity from kerogen and consumed at higher maturities in formation of oil and gas.
Is kerogen in crude oil?
In the extraction of oil from oil shales, intense heat is used to break down a waxy organic matter called kerogen that is contained in the shale and thereby release liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons similar to those found in conventional petroleum. This type of synthetic crude is also called kerogen oil.
How does kerogen turn into oil?
Kerogen is a waxy, insoluble organic substance that forms when organic shale is buried under several layers of sediment and is heated. If this kerogen is continually heated, it leads to the slow release of fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas, and also the non-fuel carbon compound graphite.
What is kerogen made of?
kerogen, complex waxy mixture of hydrocarbon compounds that is the primary organic component of oil shale. Kerogen consists mainly of paraffin hydrocarbons, though the solid mixture also incorporates nitrogen and sulfur. Kerogen is insoluble in water and in organic solvents such as benzene or alcohol.
What role does kerogen play in generation?
The formation of kerogen represents a major step in the formation of oil and natural gas, as kerogen serves as the source of these fossil fuels. For kerogen to form, dead phytoplankon, zooplankton, algae, and bacteria must sink to the bottom of an ancient still water environment.
What is the difference between Type II and Type III kerogens?
The table below shows examples of the relationships between hydrocarbon generation zones, maturity, and transformation ratio for standard types II and III kerogens, based on a specific burial and thermal history model. The most significant difference is in the depth to the onset of oil generation, where 1000 m
Which kerogen gives coal and less oil and gas?
This has the terrestial (land) plants and as you know coal is formed by the remains of plants so type 3 gives coal and less oil and gas comparative higher proportion. This type of kerogen is oxidized and in order for the hydrocarbon generation the organic matter should not be oxidized or they will not produce the fuel.
What is the most common kerogen in sedimentary rocks?
Amorphous kerogens are by far the most prevalent and include most of the algal material. Van Krevelen diagram. The type of kerogen present determines source rock quality. The more oil prone a kerogen, the higher its quality. Four basic types of kerogen are found in sedimentary rocks.
Chemically, kerogen includes a range of complex hydrocarbons, with traces of many other elements, including sulphur, nitrogen, and various radioactive and heavy metals.
