Which factor could you act to help the RNA polymerase overcome the stalled stage?

Which factor could you act to help the RNA polymerase overcome the stalled stage?

Table 1

Factor	Function
Chromatin remodeler	NURF	ISWI remodeling at promoter (133)
PARP	Transcription independent nucleosome loss (98)
PAF complex	Loading dock for elongation factors (119)
Histone tail modifiers	MOF	H4K16ac, recruit Brd4 (153)

What does RNA polymerase do during elongation?

During elongation, RNA polymerase “walks” along one strand of DNA, known as the template strand, in the 3′ to 5′ direction. For each nucleotide in the template, RNA polymerase adds a matching (complementary) RNA nucleotide to the 3′ end of the RNA strand.

What is special about RNA polymerase II?

It is one of the three RNAP enzymes found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. A 550 kDa complex of 12 subunits, RNAP II is the most studied type of RNA polymerase. A wide range of transcription factors are required for it to bind to upstream gene promoters and begin transcription.

Is RNA polymerase II a transcription factor?

A minimal RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription system comprises the polymerase and five general transcription factors (GTFs) TFIIB, -D, -E, -F, and -H. The addition of Mediator enables a response to regulatory factors. Following initiation, pol II alone is capable of RNA transcript elongation and of proofreading.

Which transcription factor plays a role in overcoming polymerase stalling?

Proteins associated with Pol II stalling include the DRB sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF) and the negative elongation factor (NELF) [9,10], whereas proteins such as the positive transcription-elongation factor-b (P-TEFb) complex, and the general transcription factors TFIIS and TFIIF contribute to escape from stalling …

What happens during elongation of transcription?

The elongation phase of transcription refers to the process through which nucleotides are added to the growing RNA chain. As the RNA polymerase moves down the DNA template strand, the open complex bubble moves also. The core enzyme is left to polymerize the growing RNA chain alone.

What is the function of polymerase II?

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is the central enzyme that catalyses DNA-directed mRNA synthesis during the transcription of protein-coding genes.

How does RNA polymerase II work?

RNA polymerase II catalyzes the synthesis of precursor mRNA. In eukaryotes, this RNA is generally longer than the final or “mature” mRNA, whose molecule is used as a template for protein synthesis.

How does RNA polymerase 2 work?

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes all protein-coding genes and many noncoding RNAs in eukaryotic genomes. Although Pol II is a complex, 12-subunit enzyme, it lacks the ability to initiate transcription and cannot consistently transcribe through long DNA sequences.

Which factor can either negatively or positively affect transcription by RNA polymerase 2 in eukaryotes?

Thus, this study identified a direct or indirect positive role for Spt4/5 in transcription elongation by Pol I [108]. The current model suggests that Spt4/5 can both positively and negatively influence Pol I transcription. It is clear that the conserved Spt4/5 complex can influence transcription by both Pols I and II.

Is RNA polymerase II (Pol II) tightly regulated?

Introduction The eukaryote RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme is a 12-subunit complex that transcribes protein coding genes and many non-coding RNA (ncRNA) genes. Pol II activity is tightly regulated at three distinct phases: (1) initiation, which

How is Ser2 phosphorylation regulated during elongation?

Ser2 phosphorylation is regulated in a multi-cellular context and its requirement during elongation is an emerging field of interest. Recent results from studies on tissue-specific regulation of this modification in C. eleganshave bearing on these questions, and are informative for how Ser2 phosphorylation, and the kinases

How is PolPol II activity tightly regulated?

Pol II activity is tightly regulated at three distinct phases: (1) initiation, which includes transcription start site selection, formation of the open complex, and production of the first few phosphodiester bonds in the RNA transcript; (2) elongation, or progression of RNA polymerase through a locus as it lengthens the RNA transcript;

How is the transition between initiation and elongation regulated?

Rather, the transition between initiation and elongation is a multi-step process where any point between recruitment and productive elongation can potentially be regulated for proper gene expression in eukaryotes.3,4 Accompanying this transition is the phosphorylation of specific