What are the 4 Fs of gallstones?
What are the 4 Fs of gallstones? Traditionally, patients at risk of gallstones can be identified using the four ‘F’s: fair (female), fat, fertile and forty. A family history increases gallstone risk, as does diabetes, rapid weight loss, parenteral nutrition, contraceptive Pill use, and loss of bile salts through terminal ileitis or ileal resection. Is […]