What are the side effects of glucocorticoid?
What are the side effects of glucocorticoid?
Side Effects
- Weight gain.
- Feeling very hungry.
- Water retention or swelling.
- Mood swings.
- Blurred vision.
- Feeling nervous or restless.
- Trouble sleeping.
- Muscle weakness.
What are actions of glucocorticoids?
Glucocorticoids can reduce how active immune cells are. This helps reduce the internal damage from these diseases. They suppress inflammation from autoimmune reactions. This can reduce pain, swelling, cramping, and itching.
What is non genomic action?
A nongenomic action defines any action that does not directly and initially influence gene expression, as do the classical steroid receptors, but rather drives more rapid effects such as the activation of signalling cascades.
What are the mechanisms of action of synthetic glucocorticoids?
Glucocorticoids inhibit many inflammation-associated molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, arachidonic acid metabolites, and adhesion molecules. In contrast, anti-inflammatory mediators often are up-regulated by glucocorticoids.
What are the side effects and contraindications of glucocorticoids?
Contraindications to corticosteroids include hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation, concurrent administration of live or live-attenuated vaccines (when using immunosuppressive dosages), systemic fungal infection, osteoporosis, uncontrolled hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, joint infection.
Where do glucocorticoids act?
Glucocorticoids act directly on cells within the damaged tissue to block production of inflammatory signals (cytokines, chemokines) that attract immune cells. They act directly on the immune cells to inhibit their ability to infiltrate the tissue, and in some cell types induce their death.
What is Nongenomic?
What is genomic action?
Genomic actions are mediated through a) direct DNA binding (transactivation) or b) transcription factor inactivation (transrepression). Non-genomic actions are mediated by c) membrane-bound receptors, d) cytosolic receptors or e) interaction with cell membrane.
What is the major mechanism of by which glucocorticoids affect their target cells?
Classical mechanisms of glucocorticoid action It is generally believed that most, if not all, the effects of glucocorticoids on cells are mediated via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). This 777 amino acid protein was cloned in humans in 1985 and is a member of the superfamily of ligand regulated nuclear receptors.
What is the mechanism of the immune response mediated by glucocorticoids?
Glucocorticoids modulate the inflammatory response by repressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by immune cells. In addition, glucocorticoids can repress the expression of adhesion molecules, which prevents rolling, adhesion and extravasation of neutrophils to the site of inflammation.
What are nongenomic mechanisms of glucocorticoid action?
Glucocorticoids also exert their effects via rapid, nongenomic mechanisms that can be classified as involving nonspecific interactions of glucocorticoids with cellular membranes, nongenomic effects that are mediated by cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors, or specific interactions with membrane-bound glucocorticoid receptors.
Are glucocorticoids immunosuppressive or inflammatory?
Genomic and nongenomic effects of glucocorticoids The strong anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids are mediated primarily by the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors.
What are the side effects of glucocorticoids?
As mentioned previously, if glucocorticoids are given at high doses and/or over long periods of time, they can induce numerous, diverse adverse reactions ( Box 1 ). Clinically undesirable endocrine-related and metabolic effects include diabetes mellitus, redistribution of body fat and increased body weight.
What is the difference between transactivation and transrepression of glucocorticoids?
Transactivation is thought to be responsible for numerous adverse effects of glucocorticoids; transrepression is thought to be responsible for many of the clinically desirable anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids.
