What is the meaning of virologic failure?
What is the meaning of virologic failure?
Virologic failure occurs when antiretroviral therapy (ART) fails to suppress and sustain a person’s viral load to less than 200 copies/mL. Factors that can contribute to virologic failure include drug resistance, drug toxicity, and poor adherence to ART.
What is incomplete virologic response?
Virologic Response Definitions Incomplete Virologic Response: Two consecutive plasma HIV RNA levels ≥200 copies/mL after 24 weeks on an ARV regimen in a patient who has not yet had documented virologic suppression on this regimen.
What is the difference between virological failure and immunological failure?
Virological failure was associated with non-adherence to medications, aged < 40 years old, having CD4+ T-cells count < 250 cells/μL and male gender. Similarly, immunological failure was associated with non-adherence, tuberculosis co-infection and Human immunodeficiency virus RNA ≥1000 copies/mL.
What is art treatment failure?
Definition of terms Virological failure is defined as when antiretroviral therapy (ART) fails to suppress viral replication to lower than 1000 copies/mL, while immunological failure is a fall of CD4 + count below 250 cells/µL following clinical failure, or persistent CD4 + count below 100 cells/μL [7].
What is immunological failure?
Immunological failure occurs when there is a fall of CD4 counts to pretherapy baseline (or below) or 50% fall from the on-treatment peak value (if known) or persistent CD4 levels below 100 cells/mm3 6 months after ART initiation [14, 15].
What is viral rebound?
Rebound. When a person on antiretroviral therapy (ART) has persistent, detectable levels of HIV in the blood after a period of undetectable levels. Causes of viral rebound can include drug resistance or poor adherence to an HIV treatment regimen.
What does clinical failure mean?
Clinical failure is defined as the appearance or reappearance of WHO clinical stage 3 or stage 4 events after at least 24 weeks on ART in a treatment-adherent child.
What causes ART failure?
The causes of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment failure—which include poor adherence, drug resistance, poor absorption of medications, inadequate dosing, and drug–drug interactions—should be assessed and addressed (AII).
What is the meaning of treatment failure?
Treatment failure is defined as persistent symptoms or signs or a sustained four-fold increase or failure to achieve a four-fold decrease in those with high-titer initial results (equivalent to a two-dilution change) in nontreponemal test titer.
What is the meaning of virologist?
Virologists are medical doctors that oversee the diagnosis, management and prevention of infection. They’re also scientists, who may drive research on various aspects of viruses. A virologist may be both a scientist and a physician.
How is virologic failure defined in HIV infection?
Virologic failure is defined as a confirmed viral load of more than 200 copies/mL; although this is a research definition, it may be useful in clinical practice. [ 7]
What are the risk factors for virologic failure?
The Adult and Adolescent ARV Guidelines list the following three groups of factors that most often contribute to virologic failure: (1) patient/adherence-related factors, (2) HIV-related factors, and (3) antiretroviral regimen-related factors ( Table 1). [ 8]
What is the risk of virologic resistance in HIV infection?
Most, but not all, studies have shown a low risk of virologic resistance in persons with persistently detectable HIV RNA levels that remain below 200 copies/mL. When HIV RNA levels are less than 200 copies/mL, standard genotypic drug resistance testing usually cannot be performed.
What is considered low level viremia?
Most experts define low-level viremia as a detectable HIV RNA level above the lower limit of detection of the assay (usually 20 to 50 copies/mL) but less than 200 copies/mL. Low-level viremia may be due to suboptimal adherence, drug interactions, drug-food interactions, or early virologic failure.
