What is IKK alpha?

What is IKK alpha?

The IκB kinase (IkappaB kinase or IKK) is an enzyme complex that is involved in propagating the cellular response to inflammation. Specifically, IKK phosphorylates the inhibitory IκBα protein. This phosphorylation results in the dissociation of IκBα from NF-κB.

What does IkB do to NFkb?

The IkBs bind to NF-kB dimers and sterically block the function of their NLSs, thereby causing their cytoplasmic retention. In order to get NF-kB into the nucleus, its site of action, the cytoplasmic NF-kB:IkB complex needs to be disrupted.

What activates IKK?

Activation of IKK depends on phosphorylation of its IKKβ subunit (Delhase et al., 1999). The first evidence of a role for phosphorylation in IKK activation was obtained by treatment of purified, activated IKK complex with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which resulted in IKK inactivation (DiDonato et al., 1997).

What is IkB protein?

IκBα (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha) is one member of a family of cellular proteins that function to inhibit the NF-κB transcription factor.

What activates the NF-kB pathway?

Activation of the NF-κB is initiated by the signal-induced degradation of IκB proteins. This occurs primarily via activation of a kinase called the IκB kinase (IKK).

What is IkB biology?

IkB-alpha a regulatory protein that inhibits the activity of dimeric NF-kappa-B/REL complexes by trapping REL dimers in the cytoplasm through masking of their nuclear localization signals. Belongs to the NF-kappa-B inhibitor family.

Does NF KB cause inflammation?

NF-κB target genes involved in inflammation development and progression. NF-κB is an inducible transcription factor. After its activation, it can activate transcription of various genes and thereby regulate inflammation.

What is IKK alpha and beta subunits?

IKK is a serine protein kinase, and the IKK complex contains alpha and beta subunits (IKK alpha and IKK beta). IKK alpha and IKK beta interact with each other and both are essential for NFkB activation. Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Membrane raft.

Which IKB kinases are identical to IKK-β?

Two polypeptides in this complex were sequenced, their cDNAs cloned, and shown to be IkB kinases. One of them, IKK-α, corresponds to a previously cloned serine/threonine kinase called CHUK (66); the other, IKK-β, is 52% identical to IKK-α.

How does Nemo interact with IKK-α and IκB?

Specifically, the NH2-terminus of NEMO binds to the NBD sequences on IKK-α and IKK-β, leaving the rest of NEMO accessible for interacting with regulatory proteins. IκB kinase activity is essential for activation of members of the nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors, which play a fundamental role in lymphocyte immunoregulation.

What phosphorylates serine residues in the IKK complex?

The IKK complex phosphorylates serine residues (S32 and S36) within the amino-terminal domain of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) upon activation, consequently leading to its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome.