What does togaviridae cause?

What does togaviridae cause?

Definition. A viral infection caused by any of the arboviruses of the Togaviridae family. It is transmitted by arthropods. Signs and symptoms include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, rash, confusion, and seizures. [

Which disease is caused by alphavirus?

The Alphaviruses are one of the three families of the arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that can cause encephalitis. Three Alphaviruses currently cause human disease in the United States: the Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), Western equine encephalitis (WEE), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses.

How many Alphaviruses are there?

There are 32 alphaviruses, which infect various vertebrates such as humans, rodents, fish, birds, and larger mammals such as horses, as well as invertebrates.

How do Alphaviruses replicate?

Alphavirus replication is dependent on the protease of the viral nsP2 protein, which is located in the C-terminal domain of nsP2 and cleaves the nsP1234 non-structural polyprotein into functional components. The catalytic dyad of the Sindbis virus nsP2 peptidase (C09.

How is Togaviridae transmitted?

Epidemiology: Togaviruses are largely transmitted via mosquitoes. Chikungunya virus, an emerging virus, caused a massive outbreak in some countries in Africa including Kenya and Madagascar in 2004–2006. VEEV, a zoonotic virus, could infect birds, horses, and human. VEEV infection causes rash, fever, and encephalitis.

Is Togaviridae an arbovirus?

togavirus, any of three genera of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of the family Togaviridae.

Which of the following are common clinical symptom of alphavirus infection?

Alphavirus infections are characterized by the triad of fever, arthralgia and rash. These clinical features occur abruptly after an incubation period of 2–10 days. In the early phase, fever, muscle pains, malaise and headache dominate the clinical picture.

Why HDV is a satellite to HBV?

HDV is also called a satellite of HBV because there is no nucleotide homology between the genomes of HBV and HDV. No other infectious agents of animals resemble HDV. There are agents in plants that share several important characteristics of RNA genome structure and replication.

What are the symptoms of Togavirus?

The infection is often asymptomatic or dismissed as a minor flu-like illness. Symptoms may include: fever, myalgia, arthritis, headache, and an exanthem which appears first on trunk of host and progresses to extremities. Less common symptoms include: jaundice and myocardial damage.

How is Eastern equine encephalitis spread?

It is spread by the bite of a mosquito infected with EEE virus (EEEV). EEEV can also infect a wide range of animals including mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. The spread of EEEV to mammals (including humans and horses) occurs through the bite of infected mosquitoes that feed on both birds and mammals.

Is alphavirus contagious?

Alphaviruses have not been reported to be transmissible between humans through normal contact (ie fomites, entero-gastro, respiratory, fluid exchange). It is concievable, though not documented, that alphaviruses could be transmitted through donated blood or organs.

Which of the following is a virus that is a member of family togaviridae?

RUBELLA VIRUS (TOGAVIRIDAE) Rubella virus is a member of the Togaviridae family and the only member of the genus Rubivirus. The other Togavirus genus, Alphavirus, contains 26 members all of which are arthropod-borne.