What is the source of VEGF?
What is the source of VEGF?
VEGF is produced by hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate where it co-ordinates extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, angiogenesis, and bone formation. VEGF is expressed in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
What does the VEGF gene do?
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary for VEGFA Gene Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels.
Where is VEGF located?
In blood, the VEGF may be located in the plasma, or in the blood-borne cells and formed elements, in particular, platelets and leukocytes. In this study, we collate the measurements of VEGF in platelets, leukocytes, plasma and serum for breast, prostate, colorectal and other cancers.
Is VEGF a cytokine?
VEGF is a potent proangiogenic cytokine that is highly expressed in many angiogenesis-dependent diseases. Since its first detection in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 22,24 –26 VEGF has been recognized as one of the primary factors driving retinal neovascularization and macular edema.
Is VEGF pro or anti inflammatory?
The up-regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 by VEGF can be inhibited in a model of skin inflammation by hepatocyte growth factor (52), presumably through inhibition of NF-κB. Thus, VEGF can enhance inflammatory processes, resulting in more severe inflammation.
What is the incidence of Grade 4 proteinuria after bevacizumab?
Only six studies reported grades 3 and 4 proteinuria separately. The incidence of grade 4 proteinuria (nephrotic syndrome) was 0.8% (95% CI 0.4 to 1.8%) among 2333 patients who received bevacizumab, according to the random-effects model (heterogeneity: Q = 11.3, I2 = 55.752, P = 0.046).
What is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)?
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) have been shown to play major roles not only in physiological but also in most pathological angiogenesis, such as cancer. VEGF belongs to the PDGF supergene family characterized by 8 conserved cysteines and functions as a homodimer structure.
What are VEGF glycoproteins?
The human VEGF family consists of 5 related glycoproteins: VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFD, and PIGF (placental growth factor). These are secreted to form homodimers, which interact with a family of 3 receptor tyrosine kinases: VEGFR1 (VEGF receptor 1), VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 ( Figure 1 ).
What is the incidence of high-grade proteinuria in axitinib toxicity?
The incidence of high-grade proteinuria for axitinib was 5% in a Phase II study involving 60 patients with advanced thyroid cancer. In a Phase I trial of 47 patients with a variety of solid tumors, high-grade proteinuria was found to be a dosage-limiting toxicity for VEGF Trap, and the incidence was 4.3%.
