How to diagnose CCHF?
How to diagnose CCHF?
Laboratory tests that are used to diagnose CCHF include antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), virus isolation attempts, and detection of antibody by ELISA (IgG and IgM).
What virus causes CCHF?
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is caused by infection with a tick-borne virus (Nairovirus) in the family Bunyaviridae. The disease was first characterized in the Crimea in 1944 and given the name Crimean hemorrhagic fever.
What is Congo fever?
Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral disease. Symptoms of CCHF may include fever, muscle pains, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding into the skin. Onset of symptoms is less than two weeks following exposure. Complications may include liver failure.
How is CCHF transmitted?
CCHF can be transmitted from one infected human to another by contact with infectious blood or body fluids. Documented spread of CCHF has also occurred in hospitals due to improper sterilization of medical equipment, reuse of injection needles, and contamination of medical supplies.
What does CCHF do to the body?
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease with symptoms such as high fever, muscle pain, dizziness, abnormal sensitivity to light, abdominal pain and vomiting. Later on, sharp mood swings may occur, and the patient may become confused and aggressive.
Is there a cure for CCHF?
Treatment for CCHF is primarily supportive. Care should include careful attention to fluid balance and correction of electrolyte abnormalities, oxygenation and hemodynamic support, and appropriate treatment of secondary infections. The virus is sensitive in vitro to the antiviral drug ribavirin.
How do you test for urinary tract infection without culture?
Nonculture Methods For The Laboratory Diagnosis of UTI. Bacteriuria can be detected microscopically using Gram staining of uncentrifuged urine specimens, Gram staining of centrifuged specimens, or direct observation of bacteria in urine specimens. Gram stain of uncentrifuged urine specimens is a simple method.
How is mycobacterial urinary tract infection diagnosed?
The traditional laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial UTI is by use of acid-fast smears and mycobacterial cultures [62], but more recent data suggests that the diagnosis can also be made by use of nucleic acid amplification tests [63, 64].
Which tests are used in the evaluation of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
Among the diagnostic tests, urinalysis is useful mainly for excluding bacteriuria. Urine culture may not be necessary as part of the evaluation of outpatients with uncomplicated UTIs, but it is necessary for outpatients who have recurrent UTIs, experience treatment failures, or have complicated UTIs, as well as for inpatients who develop UTIs.
What is the best specimen for a mycobacterial urine culture?
The best specimen for mycobacterial urine cultures is the first voided urine. Multiple specimens may be needed, because mycobacterial culture results are positive for 25%–95% of patients and smears are positive for 50%–70% of patients with tuberculous genitourinary tract infections [62].
