What is the chemical structure of cyclophosphamide?
What is the chemical structure of cyclophosphamide?
Cyclophosphamide | C7H15Cl2N2O2P – PubChem.
What is the active metabolite of cyclophosphamide?
The main active metabolite is 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, which exists in equilibrium with its tautomer, aldophosphamide.
How does alkylating agents affect DNA?
Alkylating agents prevent cell division primarily by cross-linking strands of DNA. Because of continued synthesis of other cell constituents, such as RNA and protein, growth is unbalanced, and the cell dies. Activity of alkylating agents does not depend on DNA synthesis in the target cells.
Is cyclophosphamide a controlled substance?
Cyclophosphamide 25 mg is not a controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA).
How is cyclophosphamide excreted?
Cyclophosphamide is eliminated primarily in the form of metabolites. 10-20% is excreted unchanged in the urine and 4% is excreted in the bile following IV administration. Total body clearance = 63 ± 7.6 L/kg.
How does cyclophosphamide damage DNA?
Cyclophosphamide binds covalently to DNA and induces DNA damage in the form of strand breaks, DNA-DNA cross-links, both interstrand and intrastrand, as well as DNA-protein cross-links [1].
How is cyclophosphamide supplied?
Adults and Pediatric Patients Intravenous When used as the only oncolytic drug therapy, the initial course of cyclophosphamide for patients with no hematologic deficiency usually consists of 40 mg per kg to 50 mg per kg given intravenously in divided doses over a period of 2 to 5 days.
Is Cyclophosphamide an alkylating agent?
Cyclophosphamide is in a class of medications called alkylating agents. When cyclophosphamide is used to treat cancer, it works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells in your body. When cyclophosphamide is used to treat nephrotic syndrome, it works by suppressing your body’s immune system.
Why is cyclophosphamide a prodrug?
Cyclophosphamide is actually a prodrug, converted in the liver by mixed–function oxidase enzymes to the active metabolites 4-hydroxy–cyclophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard. The result is the binding of these agents to and the cross–linking of DNA, thus inhibiting cell proliferation and function.
What is the mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide?
Mechanism of action. The main effect of cyclophosphamide is due to its metabolite phosphoramide mustard. This metabolite is only formed in cells that have low levels of ALDH. Phosphoramide mustard forms DNA crosslinks both between and within DNA strands at guanine N-7 positions (known as interstrand and intrastrand crosslinkages, respectively).
Is cyclophosphamide an alkylating agent?
Cyclophosphamide undergoes metabolism to several intermediates with alkylating activity. The principal metabolites identified are phosphoramide mustard, and acrolein. Phosphoramide mustard can undergo dephosphoramidation to yield nornitrogen mustard, which also has alkylating activity.
When was cyclophosphamide first used in MS?
Cyclophosphamide was first used in an MS patient in 1966.194 Cyclophosphamide is an immunosuppressive agent that was commonly used in the treatment of MS.195 Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent (Table 1) and belongs to the class of nitrogen mustard agents that bind to DNA and disrupts cell replication.
Where did cyclophosphamide come from?
Cyclophosphamide was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Massachusetts, USA) and veratryl alcohol from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). All chemicals were reagent-grade purity or analytical standards.
