Why does ifosfamide cause encephalopathy?
Why does ifosfamide cause encephalopathy?
The potential inhibition of CYP3A4 by aprepitant[5] may increase the levels of ifosfamide metabolites resulting in accumulation and further risk of encephalopathy and other side effects such as hemorrhagic cystitis or neutropenia.
Which side effects of ifosfamide limit its use as anticancer agent?
Although ifosfamide has several significant toxic effects, the dose-limiting toxicity is hemorrhagic cystitis. The high incidence of this toxicity requires uroprotection with aggressive hydration, frequent bladder emptying, and the concurrent use of mesna, a uroprotective agent.
What are the side effects of ifosfamide?
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- Agitation.
- black, tarry stools.
- blood in the urine.
- confusion.
- cough or hoarseness.
- fever or chills.
- frequent urination.
- hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there)
How does methylene blue work for ifosfamide toxicity?
The prophylactic administration of methylene blue is equally effective via another principal mechanism, namely oxidation of the excessive quantity of NADH formed during ifosfamide metabolism.
What are the side effects of methylene blue?
What Are Side Effects of Methylene Blue?
- mild bladder irritation,
- dizziness,
- headache,
- increased sweating,
- nausea,
- vomiting,
- abdominal pain,
- diarrhea,
How does ifosfamide cause hemorrhagic cystitis?
Hemorrhagic cystitis due to ifosfamide therapy is generally worse than that caused by cyclophosphamide. Ifosfamide causes the release of tumor necrosis factor – alpha and interleukin-1 beta, mediating the release of nitric oxide and leading to hemorrhagic cystitis.
How is ifosfamide neurotoxicity treated?
The recommended dose of intravenous MB for treatment of ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy is 50 mg every 4 hours (1% aqueous solution over 5 minutes), whereas the dose for secondary prophylaxis of ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy is 50 mg every 6 hours, either intravenously or orally [8].
What type of drug is ifosfamide?
Ifosfamide is a chemotherapy drug used to treat many different types of cancer.
Does ifosfamide cause nephrotoxicity?
Nephrotoxicity due to direct tubular injury is a prominent complication of ifosfamide therapy; glomerular toxicity may also occur.
Why is taxol given before carboplatin?
Taxol (paclitaxel, Paxel) must be given before carboplatin because if carboplatin is given before Taxol, it stops Taxol from having an effect on cancer cells. This is called a scheduling interaction because when Taxol is given before carboplatin, there is little interaction and both agents work as intended.
Does carboplatin have a black box warning?
Carboplatin is an antineoplastic agent that is FDA approved for the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here.
What are the possible adverse effects of administration of ifosfamide?
Administration of Ifosfamide can cause CNS toxicity and other neurotoxic effects. The risk of CNS toxicity and other neurotoxic effects necessitates careful monitoring of the patient.
What are the treatment options for haemorrhagic cystitis?
Hemorrhagic cystitis is managed by stopping the drug or reducing the drug dosage. An alternative drug like azathioprine may need to be substituted in some of these patients.[8] Hydration and forced diuresis are used to reduce the toxicity profile of these agents.
How many grams of ifosfamide are in a single dose vial?
Ifosfamide for Injection, USP single dose vials for constitution and administration by intravenous infusion each contain 1 gram or 3 grams of sterile, lyophilized Ifosfamide. Ifosfamide is a chemotherapeutic agent chemically related to the nitrogen mustards and a synthetic analog of cyclophosphamide.
What is the prognosis of ifosfamide-associated myelosuppression?
Treatment with Ifosfamide may cause myelosuppression and significant suppression of immune responses, which can lead to severe infections. Fatal outcomes of Ifosfamide‑associated myelosuppression have been reported.
