What are the differentials for DKA?
What are the differentials for DKA?
The differentials include diabetes mellitus, non-ketotic hyperosmolar state, impaired glucose tolerance, ketotic hypoglycemia, alcoholic ketosis, starvation ketosis, lactic acidosis, salicylic acid ingestion, uremic acidosis and drug-induced acidosis.
What is the most common cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?
DKA is a state of absolute or relative insulin deficiency aggravated by ensuing hyperglycemia, dehydration, and acidosis-producing derangements in intermediary metabolism. The most common causes are underlying infection, disruption of insulin treatment, and new onset of diabetes.
Why is BUN and creatinine high in DKA?
Excerpt. Diabetic ketoacidosis is usually accompanied by dehydration resulting in prerenal azotemia, in which the levels of blood urea nitrogen are elevated out of proportion to those of the serum creatinine (1).
Why is potassium given in diabetic ketoacidosis?
After insulin treatment is initiated, potassium shifts intracellularly and serum levels decline. Replacement of potassium in intravenous fluids is the standard of care in treatment of DKA to prevent the potential consequences of hypokalemia including cardiac arrhythmias and respiratory failure.
What causes ketone?
Ketone bodies are produced by the liver and used peripherally as an energy source when glucose is not readily available. The two main ketone bodies are acetoacetate (AcAc) and 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), while acetone is the third, and least abundant, ketone body.
What is DKA in diabetics?
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when your body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones. The condition develops when your body can’t produce enough insulin.
What is HHNK?
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome is also known by many other names, including: Diabetic HHS. Diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNK).
What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is defined by the biochemical triad of ketonaemia, hyperglycaemia and acidaemia and results from insulin deficiency in most cases, and can affect patient of all ages. Timely diagnosis and intervention can significantly reduce risk of morbidity and mortality.
Is diabetic ketoacidosis a medical emergency?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Elevated ketones are a sign of DKA, which is a medical emergency and needs to be treated right away. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that can be life-threatening. DKA is most common among people with type 1 diabetes.
When should magnesium levels be checked and corrected in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Checking magnesium levels and correcting low levels should be considered in patients with DKA. Patients usually are symptomatic at serum levels of 1.2 mg per dL (0.50 mmol per L) or lower. 42 If the level is below normal (i.e., less than 1.8 mg per dL [0.74 mmol per L]) and symptoms are present, administration of magnesium should be considered. 42
