How do you differentiate C2C12?

How do you differentiate C2C12?

Differentiation of C2C12 cells is achieved by replacing GM to differentiation media, DM [DMEM—high glucose no sodium pyruvate (Gibco), 2% horse serum (Gibco), 1% glutamine (Gibco), 1% pen/strep (Gibco)]. After 24 h in DM, fused cells should be visible. DM should be changed every 48 h.

What are C2C12 cells?

C2C12 is an immortalized mouse myoblast cell line. C2C12 cells are used to study the differentiation of myoblasts, osteoblasts, and myogenesis, to express various target proteins, and to explore mechanistic biochemical pathways.

What are L6 myotubes?

L6 cells, originally derived from rat skeletal muscle, propagate as mononucleated myoblasts but can differentiate into multinucleated primary myotubes. The myotubes express several proteins typical of skeletal muscle including the GLUT4 glucose transporter.

Are C2C12 cells stem cells?

Satellite cells (SC) are the stem cells of skeletal muscles. When C2C12 cells are cultured in suspension, they enter a state of quiescence and form three-dimensional aggregates (myospheres) that produce the extracellular matrix and express markers of quiescent SC.

What happens after the fusion of myoblasts?

Muscle fibers generally form through the fusion of precursor myoblasts into multinucleated fibers called myotubes. In the early development of an embryo, myoblasts can either proliferate, or differentiate into a myotube.

How big are C2C12 cells?

At the time of the biophysical studies, mean myotube diameter was 12 microns (range 5-25 microns), and mean length was 290 microns (range 130-520 microns).

What do myoblasts differentiate into?

A myoblast is a type of embryonic progenitor cell that differentiates to form muscle cells. Skeletal muscle fibers are made when myoblasts fuse together, so muscle fibers have multiple nuclei. The fusion of myoblasts is specific to skeletal muscle (e.g., biceps brachii), not cardiac or smooth muscle.

Are myoblasts stem cells?

Skeletal myoblasts were one of the first generation stem cell therapies to be studied, and the first to be utilized in a dog model of cardiac injury (Marelli et al., 1992).

Why L6 myotubes are chosen for this assay?

When stimulated by insulin, L6 myotubes appeared to exhibit glucose uptake to a larger extent than C2C12 cells (Sarabia et al. 1990), suggesting that at present L6 myotubes could be the most promising candidate as an efficient in vitro model system to investigate glucose uptake in muscle cells.

What is HaCaT cell?

HaCaT cells are the immortalized human keratinocytes and have been extensively used to study the epidermal homeostasis and its pathophysiology. T helper cells play a role in various chronic dermatological conditions and they can affect skin barrier homeostasis.

What is muscle differentiation?

Differentiation of skeletal muscle is a highly controlled, multistep process, during which single muscle cells initially freely divide and then align and fuse to form multinucleated myotubes. This process of muscle differentiation in vivo is governed by a complex interplay of a wide range of growth and trophic factors.