What is Benedikt syndrome?

What is Benedikt syndrome?

Benedikt syndrome is an extremely rare eponymously named cluster of symptoms relating to anatomically specific damage of varying etiology to the midbrain. It is characterized by: Ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy. Contralateral hemiparesis. Contralateral cerebellar ataxia and/or Holmes tremor and/or choreoathetosis.

What are the signs and symptoms of complete third nerve palsy?

A complete third nerve palsy causes a completely closed eyelid and deviation of the eye outward and downward. The eye cannot move inward or up, and the pupil is typically enlarged and does not react normally to light.

What blood vessel is involved in Weber Syndrome?

Weber syndrome occurs with an occlusion of the median and/or paramedian perforating branches of the basilar artery. Typical clinical findings include ipsilateral CN III palsy, ptosis, and mydriasis (ie, damage to parasympathetic fibers of CN III) with contralateral hemiplegia.

Is third nerve palsy ipsilateral or contralateral?

Lesions at the Red Nucleus (Benedikt’s Syndrome) are characterized by ipsilateral 3rd nerve palsy and contralateral involuntary movement. Lesions at the Red Nucleus and superior cerebellar peduncle (Claude Syndrome) presents with ipsilateral 3rd nerve palsy, contralateral ataxia, asynergy and tremor.

What causes Benedikt syndrome?

Benedikt syndrome is caused by a lesion (infarction, hemorrhage, tumor, or tuberculosis) in the tegmentum of the midbrain and cerebellum. Specifically, the median zone is impaired. It can result from occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery or paramedian penetrating branches of the basilar artery.

What does red nucleus do?

The red nuclei and their associated tracts form part of the extrapyramidal system. This neural network is the part of the motor system involved in generating involuntary movements. It exists outside the pyramidal pathway, which is comprised of the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts.

How do you test for third nerve palsy?

Diagnosis of Third Cranial Nerve Palsy Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) of the brain is done to identify the cause. If the pupil is affected or if symptoms suggest a serious underlying disorder, brain MRI or CT is done immediately. , or cerebral angiography.

Why does Claude syndrome cause contralateral ataxia?

Claude’s syndrome is a distinctive brainstem syndrome characterized by ipsilateral third cranial nerve palsy with contralateral hemiataxia and is due to an intrinsic or extrinsic lesion in the midbrain. We report a case of Claude’s syndrome caused by neurocysticercosis infection.

Benedikt syndrome is an eponymously named neurological condition secondary to specific damage in the midbrain that causes ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy, contralateral hemiparesis, and contralateral cerebellar ataxia and/or Holmes tremor and/or choreoathetosis.

What is a Benedikt stroke?

Benedikt syndrome, or paramedian midbrain syndrome , is a midbrain stroke syndrome that involves the fascicles of the oculomotor nerve and the red nucleus. It is usually caused by an ischemic stroke, typically involving branches of the posterior cerebral artery 1-4 .

What is the difference between Benedikt syndrome and Weber syndrome?

Using imaging alone, it is difficult to distinguish Benedikt syndrome from Weber syndrome, unless clear involvement of the red nucleus can be identified, which is seen in the former 1-4. The syndrome was first described by Moritz Benedikt (1835-1920), a Hungarian-Austrian neurologist, in 1889 5. 1. Jacobs DA, Galetta SL.

What is the pathophysiology of Benedikt syndrome ( paramedian midbrain syndrome)?

Benedikt syndrome has also been referred to as paramedian midbrain syndrome, so understanding the function of those above medially located tegmentum structures can help elucidate the syndrome’s symptom cluster: Edinger-Westphal nucleus: the origin of the parasympathetic supply to iris sphincter and ciliary muscle travels with the oculomotor nerve.