What are signs of extravasation with chemotherapy?
What are signs of extravasation with chemotherapy?
Signs and symptoms of vesicant extravasation include swelling, redness, and/or discomfort that are often described as burning or stinging.
What are current recommendations for treatment of drug extravasation?
At the first sign of extravasation, the following steps are recommended: (1) stop administration of IV fluids immediately, (2) disconnect the IV tube from the cannula, (3) aspirate any residual drug from the cannula, (4) administer a drug-specific antidote, and (5) notify the physician (Fig.
What does extravasation feel like?
Some major signs of infiltration and extravasation include: Swelling at or near the IV site. The skin will feel tight and cool to the touch. Some patients experience intense pain or burning while others may just feel slight discomfort. Skin discoloration.
How long can extravasation injury last?
The damage can extend to involve nerves, tendons, and joints and can continue for months after the initial insult. If treatment is delayed, surgical debridement, skin grafting, and even amputation may be the unfortunate consequences of such an injury [1].
How long after extravasation can you give hyaluronidase?
| Table 2. Pharmacologic therapy for extravasation of cytotoxic drugs.3,7,8 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Etoposide | Apply dry warm compress for 60 minutes every 8 hours for 3 days | Hyaluronidase |
| Mechlorethamine | Apply cold compress for 6 to 72 hours following sodium thiosulfate injection or for 20 minutes 4 times/day for 24 to 48 hours | Sodium thiosulfate |
What is the most common cause of extravasation?
An extravasation occurs when there is accidental infiltration of a vesicant or chemotherapeutic drug into the surrounding IV site. Vesicants can cause tissue destruction and / or blistering. Irritants can result in pain at the IV site and along the vein and may or may not cause inflammation.
How long does extravasation take to occur?
Some of the signs of extravasation may not be visible until several hours after it occurred. Depending on the amount of drug that extravasated, there may be blistering, peeling and darkening of the skin over the site. It is possible for it to take a few days before the full extent of tissue damage is visible.
What is wheal and flare reaction?
In immune system disorder: Type I allergic reactions. Called a wheal-and-flare reaction, it includes swelling, produced by the release of serum into the tissues (wheal), and redness of the skin, resulting from the dilation of blood vessels (flare).
What are the signs and symptoms of ifosfamide toxicity?
Neurologic manifestations consisting of somnolence, confusion, hallucinations, blurred vision, psychotic behavior, extrapyramidal symptoms, urinary incontinence, seizures, and in some instances, coma, have been reported following Ifosfamide for Injection therapy.
What are the signs and symptoms of an extravasation?
Recognition of an extravasation is through pain, erythema, swelling, tenderness, local blistering (indicative of at least a partial-thickness skin injury), mottling/darkening of skin, firm Induration, ulceration (usually not evident until 1-2 weeks after injury),
What are the side effects of extravasation in chemotherapy?
Tissue damage. Chemotherapy extravasation is manifested by a wide range of symptoms that can be mild and can present as an acute burning pain, swelling, at the infusion site. Symptoms vary according to the amount and concentration of extravasated drug.
What are the contraindications for ififosfamide injection?
Ifosfamide for Injection should be given cautiously, if at all, to patients with presence of an infection, severe immunosuppression or compromised bone marrow reserve, as indicated by leukopenia, granulocytopenia, extensive bone marrow metastases, prior radiation therapy, or prior therapy with other cytotoxic agents.
