How does surface plasmon polariton work?

How does surface plasmon polariton work?

The term “surface plasmon polariton” explains that the wave involves both charge motion in the metal (“surface plasmon”) and electromagnetic waves in the air or dielectric (“polariton”). They are a type of surface wave, guided along the interface in much the same way that light can be guided by an optical fiber.

What do you mean by polariton?

Polaritons are hybrid particles made up of a photon strongly coupled to an electric dipole. Examples of such a dipole include an electron–hole pair in a semiconductor, which forms an exciton polariton, and the oscillating electrons at the surface of a metal, which creates a surface-plasmon polariton.

What is spoof surface plasmon polariton?

Spoof surface plasmons, also known as spoof surface plasmon polaritons, are surface electromagnetic waves in microwave and terahertz regimes that propagate along planar interfaces with sign-changing permittivities.

How do you excite plasmons?

Bulk as well as surface plasmons can be excited by the electron beam in a transmission electron microscope. This is used in low loss electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). If one considers evanescent wave, it is possible to excite plasmons in metal.

What is surface plasmon effect?

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is the manifestation of a resonance effect due to the interaction of conduction electrons of metal nanoparticles with incident photons. The interaction relies on the size and shape of the metal nanoparticles and on the nature and composition of the dispersion medium.

Do polaritons have mass?

This interaction generated tiny exciton particles from the semiconductor that then combined with photons from the light. This mixing formed new, hybrid particles called polaritons, some of which have negative mass.

What is phonon polariton resonance?

Surface-phonon polaritons (SPhPs) are attractive alternatives to far-infrared plasmonics. for sub-diffractional confinement of infrared light. Localized SPhP resonances in semiconductor. nanoresonators are very narrow, but that linewidth and the limited extent of the Reststrahlen. band inherently limit spectral …

What is bulk plasmon?

Bulk plasmon is a longitudinal wave, basically oscillation of free electrons along the bulk of a metal. Because light is a transverse wave, light cannot excite a bulk plasmon.

How plasmons are formed?

The plasmon can be considered as a quasiparticle since it arises from the quantization of plasma oscillations, just like phonons are quantizations of mechanical vibrations. For example, at optical frequencies, plasmons can couple with a photon to create another quasiparticle called a plasmon polariton.