What is an adduct mass spectrometry?
What is an adduct mass spectrometry?
Adduct formation is a common ionization method in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS). Mobile phase additives were found to be a very effective measure for manipulating the formation efficiencies of adducts. An appropriate choice of additive may increase sensitivity by up to three orders of magnitude.
What is adduct in LCMS?
Adduct ions are prevalent in LC-MS analyses and can come from any number of sources. An adduct ion is any ion formed by adduction of an ionic species to a molecule, and can be present under all modes of ionization (e.g. ESI, APCI etc.) and under different ionization polarities (positive or negative ionization).
What is adduct formation?
An adduct (from the Latin adductus, “drawn toward” alternatively, a contraction of “addition product”) is a product of a direct addition of two or more distinct molecules, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all components. Adducts often form between Lewis acids and Lewis bases.
What causes DNA adducts?
DNA adducts are a form of DNA damage caused by covalent attachment of a chemical moiety to DNA. Adducts that are not removed by the cell can cause mutations that may give rise to cancer. They are frequently used as biomarkers for chemical hazard exposure or cancer therapy efficacy.
What does the term adduct mean?
: to draw (something, such as a limb) toward or past the median axis of the body also : to bring together (similar parts) adduct the fingers.
What adduct means?
What is the nitrogen rule in mass spectrometry?
The nitrogen rule states that any molecule (with all paired electrons) that contains an odd number of nitrogen atoms will have an odd nominal mass. The nominal mass is the integer mass of an atom, ion, or molecule comprised of only the most stable isotope(s).
Are adducts covalent?
Aroma compounds having, e.g., aldehyde, enal, isothiocyanate, disulfide, or thiol functional groups could, in principle, readily form covalent interactions with proteins by forming, e.g., Schiff base adducts, Michael addition adducts, or disulfide linkages in addition to their weak interactions.
What do adducts do?
How are DNA adducts repaired?
Small alkylated and oxidized lesions, including those arising from endogenous sources, are excised by the BER pathway which also repairs certain single-ring exocyclic DNA adducts. For certain alkylated bases and etheno adducts, they can be repaired through direct reversal carried out by specialized repair proteins.
What is a mass spectrometry adduct calculator?
Mass Spectrometry Adduct Calculator This calculator allows to identify some adduct ions from ESI-MS (electrospray) mass spectrometry measurements or other soft ionization techniques like CI-MS or FI-MS or FD-MS or APCI-MS or MALDI-TOF.
How can I detect Adduct ions?
The successful detection of adduct ions requires either pure mass spectra or a deconvolution and peak detection or peak picking step prior adduct assignment.
What are Daltons and kilodaltons in mass spectrometry?
The mass of a molecule or an ion can be presented in daltons (Da) or kilodaltons (kDa). Mass spectrometry uses an instrument called a mass spectrometer. The main components of a mass spectrometer are: Inlet system (LC, GC, Direct probe etc…) Ion source (EI, CI, ESI, APCI, MALDI, etc…)
What quantities are needed for an EI mass spectrometer?
The quantities needed for an experiment is usually less than a microgram of material. EI mass spectra, in most of cases, contain intense fragment ion peaks and much less intense molecular ion peak. When the molecular ion peak is not observed in the mass spectrum, chemical ionization can be used in order to get molecular ion information.
