What are some examples of surfactants?

What are some examples of surfactants?

Sodium stearate is a good example of a surfactant. It is the most common surfactant in soap. Another common surfactant is 4-(5-dodecyl)benzenesulfonate. Other examples include docusate (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate), alkyl ether phosphates, benzalkaonium chloride (BAC), and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS).

What are pharmaceutical surfactants?

Cationic surfactants used in pharmaceutical suspensions The phosphatides, e.g., phosphatidylcholine is one group of cationic surfactants that is well tolerated. These are found in lecithin; a component of cell walls, that is obtained from, e.g., eggs, egg yolks, or soybeans.

Can you drink surfactant?

Oral toxicity of many surfactants is rated as moderate to acute. To avoid accidental ingestion, it is always good practice to avoid eating or drinking in labs. Also, clean your hands when you finish or break from treatments involving chemicals.

Is alcohol a surfactant?

Alcohol ethoxylates and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic and other commercial products. The process is of great industrial significance with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxylates produced worldwide in 1994.

How are surfactants used in pharmaceuticals?

Surfactants have several uses in pharmaceuticals, i) for solubilisation of hydrophobic drugs in aqueous media, ii) as components of emulsions ,iii) surfactant self-assembly vehicles for oral and transdermal drug delivery, iv) as plasticizers in semisolid delivery systems, and v) as agents to improve drug absorption and …

Which surfactant are used in pharmaceutical and cosmetics?

Sorbitan fatty acid esters (Span and Arlacel), polyoxyethylene stearates (Myrj), and the polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (tween) are most commonly used surfactants in suppository preparation.

What is anionic and nonionic surfactants?

A non-ionic surfactant has no charge groups in its head. The head of an ionic surfactant carries a net charge. If the charge is negative, the surfactant is more specifically called anionic; if the charge is positive, it is called cationic.

Is ethanol a surfactant?

Both for ionic and non-ionic surfactant, ethanol was found to improve the exfoliation efficiency and CG up to three times. It can be anticipated that the strategy of surfactant–water solutions with addition of organic solvents could advance the surfactant-assisted production for graphene.

What are non-ionic surfactants?

Non-ionic surfactants are surfactants that have polar head groups that are not electrically charged (see Fig. 20.18). They usually rely on a functional group able to deprotonate but only to a very low degree.

What are the different types of surfactants?

Types of surfactants. There are several general classes of surfactants. For pharmaceutical purposes, surfactants are most satisfactory classified by means of the type of polar group into; Anionic surfactants; Cationic surfactants; Amphoteric Surfactants; Non-ionic Surfactants; Anionic surfactants

How do Surfactants affect the effectiveness of a pharmaceutical formulation?

The overall effect of inclusion of a surfactant in a pharmaceutical formulation is complex and may be beyond those initially intended. Surfactants may reduce the effectiveness of antimicrobials or preservatives included in a formulation.

What are amphoteric surfactants used for?

Amphoteric surfactants used in pharmaceutical suspensions When a single surfactant molecule exhibit both anionic and cationic dissociations it is called amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant. This is the case of synthetic products like betaines or sulfobetaine and natural substances such as amino acids and phospholipids.

What is a surfactant with a negative charge?

These are surfactants in which the hydrophilic portion of the molecule carries a negative charge such as R-COO −, RSO 4−, or RSO 3−, where R represents an organic group. Anionic surfactants are electrolytes, and a surface-active ion is an anion when the surfactants dissociate in water.