What is minor blood group system?

What is minor blood group system?

Nine blood group systems (ABO, Rhesus, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, MNS, P, Lewis, and Lutheran) are considered to be clinically significant as these are known to cause hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR) and hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (HDFN) [1–4].

What does Duffy positive mean?

The racial variation in the distribution of Duffy antigens is a result of a positive selection pressure—the absence of Duffy antigens on RBCs makes the RBCs more resistant to invasion by a malarial parasite.

How many minor blood groups are there?

There are 4 main blood groups (types of blood) – A, B, AB and O. Your blood group is determined by the genes you inherit from your parents. Each group can be either RhD positive or RhD negative, which means in total there are 8 blood groups.

How many blood grouping systems are there?

At present, 33 blood group systems representing over 300 antigens are listed by the International Society of Blood Transfusion.

What is minor RBC antigen?

Non-Rh D antigens expressed on erythrocytes are often referred to as minor or atypical antigens. Since no prophylactic immune globulins are available to prevent the formation of non-Rh D antibodies, maternal alloimmunization to non-Rh D red cell antigens is becoming a more frequent cause of HDFN.

What is major and minor cross matching?

Major crossmatch: This is the most important one. In this procedure, we are looking for antibodies in the recipient against transfused red blood cell antigens (from the donor). Minor crossmatch: This detects antibodies in the donor serum to the recipient’s red blood cells.

Is Duffy blood group rare?

This phenotype is exceedingly rare in Whites. Because the Duffy antigen is uncommon in those of Black African descent, the presence of this antigen has been used to detect genetic admixture.

Is A+ A common blood type?

Thirty-four of every 100 people have A+. These are rare blood types and less than 10 percent of the population have this blood type. This blood type is acknowledged to be the “universal recipient” because AB+ people can accept red blood cells from any other blood type.

Is there an AB positive blood type?

Less than 4% of the U.S. population have AB positive blood. AB positive blood type is known as the “universal recipient” because AB positive patients can receive red blood cells from all blood types.

What do antigens do on red blood cells?

Blood group antigens are polymorphic residues of protein or carbohydrate on the red cell surface. They can provoke an antibody response in individuals who lack them, and some antibodies can lead to hemolytic transfusion reaction or hemolytic disease of the fetus/newborn (HDFN).

What are the cold reacting antibodies?

These pathological cold sensitive antibodies include cold agglutinins, Donath-Landsteniner antibodies, and cryoglobulins which are the culprits of cold agglutinin disease, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria in the process of Donath-Landsteiner hemolytic anemia, and vasculitis, respectively.

What are the clinical applications of blood groups?

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF BLOOD GROUPS.  In blood transfusion.  In Preventing Hemolytic Disease.  In Paternity Disputes.  In Medicolegal Cases.  In knowing Susceptibility to Diseases. Wednesday, November 9, 2016 24. BLOOD TRANSFUSION.  Life saving measure  Should be carried out when absolutely necessary.

How many types of blood group systems are there?

Abstract International Society of Blood Transfusion has recently recognized 33 blood group systems. Apart from ABO and Rhesus system, many other types of antigens have been noticed on the red cell membranes.

What is the difference between ABO blood group a and O?

Blood group A contains antibody against blood group B in serum and vice-versa, while blood group O contains no A/B antigen but both their antibodies in serum. H-antigen H-antigen is the precursor to the ABO blood group antigens. It is present in all RBCs irrespective of the ABO system.

Can minor blood group incompatibility cause neonatal hyperbilirubinemia?

Minor blood group incompatibility due to blood groups other than Rh(D), although an uncommon cause of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, has the potential to cause severe hyperbilirubinemia and its sequelae in infants, if left undiagnosed and untreated. Here, we describe clinical presentation, diagnosis a …