What does E2F4 do?
What does E2F4 do?
E2F4 is a transcriptional repressor implicated in cell cycle arrest and whose repressive activity depends on its interaction with members of the RB family. Here we show that E2F4 is important for the proliferation and the survival of mouse embryonic stem cells.
Does E2F get phosphorylated?
Phosphorylation of E2F-1 began from the S phase while phosphorylation of pRB started nearly at G1/S. These results suggest that E2F-1 is phosphorylated by cyclin A-cdk2 in the S phase in vivo as well as in vitro and that its phosphorylation by cyclin A-cdk2 may modulate its activity.
What is phosphorylated in the cell cycle?
Summary. Protein phosphorylation is a common way to regulate signaling pathways in the cell cycle. Kinases catalyze phosphoryl transfer from ATP to substrates and change downstream protein-protein interaction in such way that a signaling pathway is either switched on or shut off.
Is E2F a proto oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene?
The conclusion from these studies is that E2F1 can function as both oncogene and tumor suppressor gene and that both positive and negative effects on tumorigenesis can be observed whether E2F1 is absent or overexpressed.
Is E2F an activator?
E2F is a group of genes that encodes a family of transcription factors (TF) in higher eukaryotes. Three of them are activators: E2F1, 2 and E2F3a. Six others act as suppressors: E2F3b, E2F4-8. All of them are involved in the cell cycle regulation and synthesis of DNA in mammalian cells.
Where does phosphorylation occur in the cell cycle?
For example, at the beginning of S phase, S-CDK catalyzes phosphorylation of the proteins that initiate DNA replication by allowing DNA replication complexes to form. Later, during mitosis, M-CDKs phosphorylate a wide range of proteins.
Why is phosphorylation important in mitosis?
Profound changes in the phosphorylation state of many proteins occur during mitosis. It is well established that many of these mitotic phosphorylations are carried out by archetypal mitotic kinases that are activated only during mitosis, shifting the equilibrium of kinases and phosphatases towards phosphorylation.
What does E2F bind to?
The E2F family of transcription factors control cell proliferation by regulating entry into the cell cycle as well as the G1–S phase transition. E2Fs bind to pocket proteins collectively known as the Rb family, consisting of Rb, p107, and p130.
