What does VLA-4 bind to?
What does VLA-4 bind to?
VLA-4 can bind to vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). VLA-4 ligation has been shown to augment TCR-mediated T cell proliferation, presumably in a similar manner to ligation of LFA-1, by increasing the strength of the signal delivered by the TCR.
What does VLA-4 do?
The integrin VLA-4 is expressed on the cell surfaces of stem cells, progenitor cells, T and B cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils. It functions to promote an inflammatory response by the immune system by assisting in the movement of leukocytes to tissue that requires inflammation.
What is the primary function of integrins?
Integrins are the principal receptors used by animal cells to bind to the extracellular matrix. They are heterodimers and function as transmembrane linkers between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton. A cell can regulate the adhesive activity of its integrins from within.
Is LPAM 1 an integrin?
Integrin alpha 4 beta 7 (LPAM-1) is an integrin family adhesion receptor that shares subunits with VLA4 and the E-cadherin receptor. Motifs within a4b7 bind to metal ions and regulate cell adhesion functions. a4b7 binds the mucosal addressin MAdCAM-1, as well as VCAM-1 and Fibronectin.
What is LFA in immunology?
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is an integrin found on lymphocytes and other leukocytes. LFA-1 also mediates firm arrest of leukocytes. Additionally, LFA-1 is involved in the process of cytotoxic T cell mediated killing as well as antibody mediated killing by granulocytes and monocytes.
Why are there so many integrins?
Integrins are obligate heterodimers composed of α and β subunits. Several genes code for multiple isoforms of these subunits, which gives rise to an array of unique integrins with varied activity.
How do integrins and fibronectin work together?
Many cellular processes involve interactions between the ECM and the cell. As shown schematically on the right, cells bind and exert forces on fibronectin through transmembrane receptor proteins of the integrin family, which mechanically couple the actin cytoskeleton to the ECM via an elaborate adhesion complex.
What does L selectin bind?
Similar to P-selectin, L-selectin also binds to sulfatides and sulfated polysaccharides such as fucoidan and heparin. A group of O-glycosylated mucins decorated with sialic acid, termed sialomucins, represents the protein ligands for L-selectin. They are GlyCAM-1, CD34 and MAdCAM-1.
What is MAC1 immunology?
CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) is a novel surface receptor for extracellular double-stranded RNA to mediate cellular inflammatory responses. J Immunol.
How does LFA-1 interact with VLA-4?
VLA-4 interacts with its ligands VCAM-1 and fibronectin (FN) CS1 during chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, psoriasis, transplant-rejection, and allergy. Blockade of LFA-1 and VLA-4 interactions with their ligands is a potential target for immunosuppression.
Are LFA-1 and VLA-4 antagonists a potential target for immunosuppression?
Blockade of LFA-1 and VLA-4 interactions with their ligands is a potential target for immunosuppression. LFA-1 and VLA-4 antagonists (antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) are being developed for controlling inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
What is the VLA-4 receptor?
The integrin VLA-4 is a receptor for the vascular cell adhesion molecule VCAM-1 (Elices et al., 1990). Further, the matrix protein fibronectin is a well-known ligand for VLA-4 (Wayner et al., 1989).
Where is VLA-4 found in the body?
VLA-4 can be found on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. These cells are found in the bone marrow, as that is where they are produced, and throughout the rest of the body. VLA-4, specifically the alpha subunit, is crucial for the localization and circulation of progenitor cells.
