What is the definition of nucleotide in biology?

What is the definition of nucleotide in biology?

Listen to pronunciation. (NOO-klee-oh-tide) A molecule consisting of a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA; adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate group, and a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; ribose in RNA).

What are the types of nucleobase?

There are a total of 5 nucleobases in DNA and RNA. These are cytosine, guanine, adenine (found in both DNA and RNA), thymine (found only in DNA), and uracil (found only in RNA). In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, while cytosine pairs with guanine. In RNA, the thymine is replaced with uracil.

What do nucleobases do?

Five nucleobases—adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T), and uracil (U)—are called primary or canonical. They function as the fundamental units of the genetic code, with the bases A, G, C, and T being found in DNA while A, G, C, and U are found in RNA.

What is a nucleic acid simple definition?

Nucleic acids are naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells. They play an especially important role in directing protein synthesis. The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

What does nucleotide mean in a sentence?

Definition of nucleotide : any of several compounds that consist of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar joined to a purine or pyrimidine base and to a phosphate group and that are the basic structural units of nucleic acids (such as RNA and DNA) — compare nucleoside.

How do you pronounce Nucleobase?

Nucleobase Pronunciation. Nu·cle·obase.

Are nucleobases positive or negative?

Vertical attachment affinities (Figure 4.1. 9) of isolated nucleobases have been determined by electron transmission spectroscopy and are highly negative (Table 4.1.

Are nucleobases aromatic?

Examples of non-basic nitrogen-containing aromatic rings are pyrrole and indole. The basic aromatic rings purines and pyrimidines are nucleobases found in DNA and RNA.

What are nucleobases in biology?

Nucleobases (or Nucleotide bases) are the parts of RNA and DNA that may be involved in pairing (see also base pairs). These include cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine (DNA) and uracil (RNA). These are abbreviated as C, G, A, T, and U, respectively. They are usually simply called bases in genetics.

How many nucleobases are produced from four nucleotide monomers?

Jump to navigation Jump to search. Base pairing: Two base pairs are produced by four nucleotide monomers, nucleobases are in blue. Guanine (G) is paired with cytosine (C) via three hydrogen bonds, in red.

What are the different types of nucleobase analogs?

A vast number of nucleobase analogues exist. The most common applications are used as fluorescent probes, either directly or indirectly, such as aminoallyl nucleotide, which are used to label cRNA or cDNA in microarrays.

What is the abbreviation for DNA base?

These are abbreviated as C, G, A, T, and U, respectively. They are usually simply called bases in genetics. Because A, G, C, and T appear in the DNA, these molecules are called DNA-bases; A, G, C, and U are called RNA-bases, respectively.