How would you describe Fundoscopic findings?
How would you describe Fundoscopic findings?
Fundoscopy typically reveals severe tortuosity, engorgement of retinal veins, deep haemorrhages, cotton wool spots and optic disc swelling.
How would you describe a normal optic disc?
The optic disc appears pink with sharp margins and a cup-to-disc ratio of approximately 0.35. The vasculature is normal in course and caliber. The striated sheen radiating outward from the disc is evidence of a healthy retinal nerve fiber layer.
How would you describe the fundus picture?
Fundus cameras are described by the angle of view – the optical angle of acceptance of the lens. An angle of 30°, considered the normal angle of view, creates a film image 2.5 times larger than life. Wide angle fundus cameras capture images between 45° and 140° and provide proportionately less retinal magnification.
What does Papilloedema look like on Fundoscopy?
The signs of papilledema that are seen using an ophthalmoscope include: venous engorgement (usually the first signs) loss of venous pulsation. hemorrhages over and/or adjacent to the optic disc.
What is AV nicking on Fundoscopic exam?
Arteriovenous nicking, also known as AV nicking, is the phenomenon where, on examination of the eye, a small artery (arteriole) is seen crossing a small vein (venule), which results in the compression of the vein with bulging on either side of the crossing.
How do you read a Fundoscopy?
- Disc. margins are sharp. color: yellowish orange to creamy pink. shape: round or oval.
- Vessels. AV ratio. AV crossing: no indentation. No arterial light reflex.
- Fundus background. No exudates or hemorrhages. color : red to purplish.
- Macula. macula is located 2.5 disc distance temporal to disc. no vessels are noted around Macula.
How do you do a direct Fundoscopy?
Place your left hand on the patient’s head and place your thumb on their eyebrow. Hold the ophthalmoscope about 6 inches from the eye and 15 degrees to the right of the patient. Find the red reflex. Move in closer, staying nasally until you see the optic nerve.
What is the normal appearance of the macula?
The macula is an oval-shaped pigmented area near (5°=1.5 mm away from) the center of the retina of the human eye and other animal eyes. The macula in humans has a diameter of around 5.5 mm (0.22 in) and is subdivided into the umbo, foveola, foveal avascular zone, fovea, parafovea, and perifovea areas.
What is normal Fundi?
the bottom or base of anything; anatomic nomenclature for the bottom or base of an organ, or the part of a hollow organ farthest from its mouth.
How would you describe a normal fundus?
Normal Fundus. The disk has sharp margins and is normal in color, with a small central cup. Arterioles and venules have normal color, sheen, and course. Background is in normal color. The macula is enclosed by arching temporal vessels.
What is the meaning of Fundoscopy?
(fun-DOS-koh-pee) An exam that uses a magnifying lens and a light to check the fundus of the eye (back of the inside of the eye, including the retina and optic nerve).
