What is the function of hyaluronan in the body?

What is the function of hyaluronan in the body?

Hyaluronic acid, also known as hyaluronan, is a clear, gooey substance that is naturally produced by your body. The largest amounts of it are found in your skin, connective tissue and eyes. Its main function is to retain water to keep your tissues well lubricated and moist.

What cells produce hyaluronan?

HA cables have been induced in a variety of cell types in vitro, including smooth muscle cells from the lung (37) and colon (32), in airway (38) and renal epithelial cells (39), as well as epidermal keratinocytes (40).

Is CD44 a cytokine?

CD44 is a multistructural and multifunctional cell surface molecule involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell migration, angiogenesis, presentation of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors to the corresponding receptors, and docking of proteases at the cell membrane, as well as in signaling for …

What regulates CD44 expression?

CD44 is a transcript of a single gene containing 20 exons. Since 10 of these exons are regulated by alternative splicing, multiple isoforms of CD44 exist.

Is CD44 a stem cell marker?

CD44 is a compelling marker for cancer stem cells of many solid malignancies. In addition, interaction of HA and CD44 promotes EGFR-mediated pathways, consequently leading to tumor cell growth, tumor cell migration, and chemotherapy resistance in solid cancers.

What are the side effects of hyaluronic acid?

People who receive injections containing hyaluronic acid may experience the following side effects, which should clear up within a week :

• pain.
• redness.
• itching.
• swelling.
• bruising.

What are hyaluronan injections?

What are hyaluronan injections? If you have arthritis, injections of hyaluronic acid, also known as hyaluronan injections, can be used to keep joints moving and reduce pain. Hyaluronic acid is a natural part of synovial fluid, which is found inside many joints in the body.

How hyaluronan is secreted?

Hyaluronan is continuously synthesized and secreted by fibroblasts, keratinocytes, chondrocytes and other specialized cells in ECMs throughout the body. The level of HA synthesis is very high in tissues wherein HA constitutes a large portion of the tissue mass, such as skin and cartilage.

What is hyaluronan made of?

Hyaluronic acid (HA), also known as hyaluronan, is a linear glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of repeating disaccharides of β4-glucuronic acid (GlcUA)-β3-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) (Fig. 1). HA was first isolated and identified from the vitreous body of bovine’s eye (Meyer and Palmer 1934).

Do B cells express CD44?

CD44 is an acidic cell surface adhesion protein that is broadly expressed, including in the membranes of B cells, granulocytes, monocytes, and erythrocytes as well as on many thymocytes and mature T cells.

Is CD44 a proteoglycan?

CD44, a cell surface chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, mediates binding of interferon-gamma and some of its biological effects on human vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem. doi: 10.1074/jbc. 274.27.