What is Trofile assay?
What is Trofile assay?
Trofile® is a phenotypic viral RNA assay that is the only commercially available tropism assay that has been clinically validated through use in Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical studies to identify CCR5 antagonist candidates. 1-3. One such drug, maraviroc (Selzentry®), is available for clinical use.
What is Trofile DNA?
The Trofile® DNA Coreceptor Tropism Assay applies the proven performance of Trofile® to cell-associated viral DNA. Unlike the standard Trofile assay, which uses viral RNA found in the plasma of patients with viral loads ≥1000 copies/mL, Trofile DNA uses viral DNA extracted from cells in a whole blood draw.
What is tropism assay?
Tropism assays are used to determine co-receptor usage of HIV-1 in patients who may be candidates for treatment with CCR5 antagonists. Phenotypic assays are used most often in the clinical trials of CCR5 antagonists, and are considered the “gold standard” for comparison to other methods of tropism testing.
What is a viral tropism assay?
Viral tropism is measure by genetic testing of a blood sample. The most common test is called “Trofile.” The blood and virus sample is grown (amplified.) Then it is tested against cells that are known to express the CCR5 molecule or the CXCR4 molecule.
What is the tropism of a virus?
Key Points. Viral tropism is the ability of a given virus to productively infect a particular cell (cellular tropism), tissue (tissue tropism) or host species (host tropism).
What is productive infection?
Viral infection of a cell that produces progeny via the vegetative or lytic cycle.
How do you test for viral tropism?
Viral tropism is determined by a combination of susceptibility and permissiveness: a host cell must be both permissive (allow viral entry) and susceptible (possess the receptor complement needed for viral entry) for a virus to establish infection.
What is productive type of viral infection?
Bacteriophages may have a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle, and a few viruses are capable of carrying out both. When infection of a cell by a bacteriophage results in the production of new virions, the infection is said to be productive.
Which viruses are Proviruses?
Examples in humans include HIV and HTLV. A provirus not only refers to a retrovirus but is also used to describe other viruses that can integrate into the host chromosomes, another example being adeno-associated virus.
What are viral factors?
These factors include the ability to replicate under certain circumstances during inflammation, during the febrile response, in migratory cells, and in the presence of natural body inhibitors and interferon. Extremely virulent strains often occur within virus populations.
How long should a viral infection last?
A viral infection usually lasts only a week or two. But when you’re feeling rotten, this can seem like a long time! Here are some tips to help ease symptoms and get better faster: Rest.
What are the 5 steps of virus replication?
Most productive viral infections follow similar steps in the virus replication cycle: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release.
