Why is Gemini virus used as vector?

Why is Gemini virus used as vector?

Geminiviruses are being used as convenient autonomously replicating vectors for foreign gene amplification in plants. Using tissue culture techniques, they have been adapted for the analysis of the regulation of gene expression in a wide range of hosts, including both mono- and dicotyledonous species.

What are the main vectors of the viruses?

There are several types of viral vectors that can be used to deliver nucleic acids into the genetic makeup of cells including retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus and herpes simplex virus–each with its own advantages and disadvantages for specific applications.

What are problems associated with Geminiviruses?

Geminiviruses are the cause of devastating plant diseases, particularly in the tropics and sub-tropics. Beet curly top, cassava mosaic and maize streak diseases, recognised as serious threats to crop production about a century ago, continue to be serious problems of world agriculture.

What is the most common vector of plant viruses?

SUMMARY Aphids are the most common vector of plant viruses. Mechanisms of transmission are best understood by considering the routes of virus movement in the aphid (circulative versus non-circulative) and the sites of retention or target tissues (e.g. stylets, salivary glands).

What is the most widely used vector in plant genetic engineering?

Ti plasmid. The Ti plasmid is the most commonly used vector in the production of a transgenic plant. The Ti plasmid has an estimated size ranging between 200 and 800 kbp depending on the classes of the Ti plasmid.

What is plant viral vector?

Plant viral vectors delivered by Agrobacterium are the basis of several manufacturing processes that are currently in use for producing a wide range of proteins for multiple applications, including vaccine antigens, antibodies, protein nanoparticles such as virus-like particles (VLPs), and other protein and protein-RNA …

What are the 4 types of viral vectors?

There are several types of viral vectors that can be used to deliver nucleic acids into the genetic makeup of cells, including retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus and herpes simplex virus. Each of these has unique advantages and disadvantages for specific applications, as outlined below.

What are the 4 major disease vectors?

Disease vectors

• Malaria (protozoan): Anopheles species of mosquito.
• Lymphatic filariasis (nematode worm): Culex, Anopheles, Aedes species of mosquito.
• Dengue (virus): Aedes species of mosquito.
• Leishmaniasis (protozoan): mainly Phlebotomus species of sandfly.

How does Geminivirus work?

Geminiviruses are plant-infecting viruses characterized by a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome. Geminivirus-derived proteins are multifunctional and effective regulators in modulating the host cellular processes resulting in successful infection.

What is mosaic virus in plants?

A mosaic virus is any virus that causes infected plant foliage to have a mottled appearance. Such viruses come from a variety of unrelated lineages and consequently there is no taxon that unites all mosaic viruses.

What is the most common vector borne disease in the US?

Lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States, with an estimated 300,000 infections occuring each year. Other tickborne diseases like Rocky Mountain spotted fever are also a serious public health problem and can be deadly within days if not treated promptly with antibiotics.

What is Circulative transmission?

In circulative transmission, viruses move from the foregut further to the mid- and hindgut, from where they are transported to the hemolymph and further to the salivary gland, from where they are released into the plant tissue during feeding.

What is the Geminiviridae virus?

Geminiviridae is a family of plant viruses. There are currently over 360 species in this family, divided among 9 genera. Diseases associated with this family include: bright yellow mosaic, yellow mosaic, yellow mottle, leaf curling, stunting, streaks, reduced yields.

What crops are affected by geminiviruses?

Diseases caused by geminiviruses have long been recognized as a limita- tion to the cultivation of several important crops, including maize, cas- sava, bean, squash, cucurbits, and tomato, in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

How does the Geminiviruses replicate?

Geminiviruses replicate via a rolling circle mechanism like bacteriophages such as M13, and many plasmids. Replication occurs within the nucleus of an infected plant cell. First the single-stranded circular DNA is converted to a double-stranded circular intermediate.

What is the role of geminiviruses in plant reproduction?

To overcome this block geminiviruses can induce plant cells to reenter the cell cycle from a quiescent state so that viral replication can occur. These viruses may have evolved from a phytoplasma plasmid. Geminiviruses are capable of horizontal gene transfer of genetic information to the plant host.