What is exotropia caused by?
What is exotropia caused by?
Causes of exotropia Exotropia occurs when there’s an imbalance in eye muscles or when there’s a signaling issue between the brain and eye. Sometimes a health condition, like cataracts or stroke, can cause this to occur. The condition may also be inherited.
What causes V-pattern strabismus?
The most widely accepted mechanism contributing to the causation of V-pattern strabismus is associated with inferior oblique muscle overaction and/or relative underaction of the superior oblique muscles, as shown in the images below. Patient with V-pattern exotropia and inferior oblique muscle overaction.
What happens if exotropia is left untreated?
Generally, exotropia progresses in frequency and duration. As the disorder progresses, the eyes start to turn out when looking at close objects as well as those in the distance. If left untreated, the eye may turn out continually, causing a loss of binocular vision or stereopsis.
What medical conditions cause strabismus?
Strabismus that develops in adults can be caused by:
- Botulism.
- Diabetes (causes a condition known as acquired paralytic strabismus)
- Graves disease.
- Guillain-Barré syndrome.
- Injury to the eye.
- Shellfish poisoning.
- Stroke.
- Traumatic brain injury.
Is exotropia a birth defect?
Constant exotropia is only rarely present at birth (congenital). More commonly, exotropia develops between 1 – 4 years of age, first seen only intermittently, particularly when the child is daydreaming, ill, tired, or when a child is focusing on distant objects.
What is a pattern exotropia?
An A-pattern exotropia is an outward deviation of the visual axes in which there is more divergence of the eyes in midline downgaze than in midline upgaze. Lambda-pattern is used to describe a subtype of A-pattern strabismus.
Is strabismus a brain problem?
Strabismus can be caused by problems with the eye muscles, the nerves that transmit information to the muscles, or the control center in the brain that directs eye movements. It can also develop due to other general health conditions or eye injuries. Risk factors for developing strabismus include: Family history.
Is Exotropia neurological?
Conclusion: Intermittent exotropia increasing with near fixation is associated with neurological disease in children.
Can exotropia go away?
IS IT POSSIBLE TO OUTGROW INTERMITTENT EXOTROPIA? While it is possible for exotropia to become less frequent with age, most forms of exotropia do not resolve completely. However, some people may be able to adequately control the drifting with glasses or other non-surgical means.
What is V pattern exotropia?
V-pattern exotropia. V-pattern esotropia is an esodeviation with greater esotropia in downgaze than in upgaze. V-pattern esotropia. Comitant horizontal deviations are those in which the angle of deviation is the same in all gaze positions.
What is the difference between esotropia and exotropia?
In V-pattern esotropia, the deviation is more in downgaze than in upgaze, and in V-pattern exotropia the deviation is more in upgaze than in downgaze ( Figure 3 ). This is the most common type of pattern in strabismus.
What is the pathophysiology of V- pattern strabismus?
The most widely accepted mechanism contributing to the causation of V-pattern strabismus is associated with inferior oblique muscle overaction and/or relative underaction of the superior oblique muscles, as shown in the images below. Patient with V-pattern exotropia and inferior oblique muscle overaction.
What is the a and V pattern of overaction?
A-and V-patterns: Oblique overaction: Intermittent exotropia may be associated with inferior or superior oblique overaction and thus A- and V-pattern. For inferior oblique overaction with a significant V-pattern, the inferior oblique muscles may be weakened at the time of horizontal surgery.
