Do viruses have mitochondria?
Do viruses have mitochondria?
Generally, viruses manipulate host metabolism by re-orchestrating organelle structure and functions. As mitochondria has multifaceted roles in controlling cellular metabolism and immune responses, it is not surprising that several (+)ssRNA viruses target mitochondria.
What organelles do viruses have?
Viruses do not have nuclei, organelles, or cytoplasm like cells do, and so they have no way to monitor or create change in their internal environment.
How do mitochondria fight viruses?
Mitochondria are suitable targets for infectious microorganisms, such as viruses, because they act as powerhouses of the cell and have various other important functions. Therefore, “hijacking” the mitochondria disrupts overall cell function and makes it easy for a virus to control the cell and propagate.
How are viruses created in nature?
Viruses may have arisen from mobile genetic elements that gained the ability to move between cells. They may be descendants of previously free-living organisms that adapted a parasitic replication strategy. Perhaps viruses existed before, and led to the evolution of, cellular life.
What happens if endoplasmic reticulum malfunction?
A malfunction of the ER stress response caused by aging, genetic mutations, or environmental factors can result in various diseases such as diabetes, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and bipolar disorder, which are collectively known as ‘conformational …
What are the functions of the smooth ER?
The functions of smooth ER include carbohydrate metabolism, regulation of calcium ions, synthesis and metabolism of steroids and lipids, drug detoxification, storage of enzymes, steroids and ions, membrane synthesis, etc. In certain types of muscle cells, smooth ER (referred to as sarcoplasmic reticulum) stores calcium ions.
What is the difference between rough and smooth ER?
Ribosomes. Smooth ER: Ribosomes are absent in smooth ER.
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER Quizlet?
Its rough appearance is given by the bound ribosomes on its surface. Rough ER synthesizes and stores proteins. Smooth ER, on the other hand, helps in the storage of proteins and lipids . The main difference between smooth and rough ER is that smooth ER lacks bound ribosomes whereas rough ER is bound with ribosomes .
What does the er do in cells?
In cells of the liver, it contributes to the detoxification of drugs and harmful chemicals. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized type of smooth ER that regulates the calcium ion concentration in the cytoplasm of striated muscle cells.
