What is the role of ABC transporters?

What is the role of ABC transporters?

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of transporter proteins that contribute to drug resistance via ATP-dependent drug efflux pumps. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the MDR1 gene, is an ABC transporter normally involved in the excretion of toxins from cells.

What is an ABC type transporter?

The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) are a transport system superfamily that is one of the largest and possibly one of the oldest gene families. Some homologous ATPases function in non-transport-related processes such as translation of RNA and DNA repair.

Where are ABC transporters?

The ABC transporters comprise a large and multifunctional family of structurally related membrane proteins that are located in the plasma membrane of the cells or in the membrane of various cellular organelles.

What are ABC transporters that are found in bacterial membranes?

Primary transporters include the rotary motor ATPases (F-, A-, and V-ATPases), P-type ATPases and a large family of integral membrane proteins referred to as “ABC” (ATP binding cassette) transporters.

Are ABC transporters active or passive?

ABC transporters are primary active transporters, which transport a wide range of substrates mainly to the outside of a cell membrane or organelle.

What is an example of ABC transporter?

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are an example of ATP-dependent pumps. ABC transporters are ubiquitous membrane-bound proteins, present in all prokaryotes, as well as plants, fungi, yeast and animals. These pumps can move substrates in (influx) or out (efflux) of cells.

What distinguishes P type transporters from ABC transporters?

What distinguishes P-type transporters from ABC transporters? ATP hydrolysis by P-type transporters results in a phosphorylated intermediate while ATP hydrolysis causes ABC transporters to convert from an outward facing transporter to an inward facing transporter.

How microbes use ABC transporters?

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters couple ATP hydrolysis to the uptake and efflux of solutes across the cell membrane in bacteria and eukaryotic cells. In bacteria, these transporters are important virulence factors because they play roles in nutrient uptake and in secretion of toxins and antimicrobial agents.

Are ABC transporters P-type?

ABC transporters are primary active transporters, which transport a wide range of substrates mainly to the outside of a cell membrane or organelle. P-type ATPases are a family of transport enzymes which pump cations across the membrane using primary active transport.