Does Antarctica have a continental shelf?

Does Antarctica have a continental shelf?

The Antarctic continental shelf (figure 1) is typically about 500 m deep, and the distance from the Antarctic ice sheet or coastline to the shelf break varies from tens (in East Antarctica or the West Antarctic Peninsula) to hundreds of kilometres (in the Ross or Weddell Seas).

Does Australia have a continental shelf?

As provided for in paragraph 1 of article 76, Australia has a continental shelf comprising the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin, up to the limits provided for in …

Where is the australian continental shelf?

Two areas of Australia’s extended continental shelf extend south of 60 degrees South into the Antarctic Treaty area. The largest of these areas is the extended continental shelf arising from the Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands between Australia and South Africa.

What extended continental shelf?

The extended continental shelf (ECS) is that portion of the continental shelf that lies beyond this 200 nautical mile limit. Note the juridical (legal) continental shelf is not necessarily the same as what a scientist would call a continental shelf.

Why is the Antarctic continental shelf deep?

Over the past 34 Million years, the Antarctic continental shelf has gradually deepened due to ice sheet loading, thermal subsidence, and erosion from repeated glaciations. We explore end-members for maximum AIS extent, based on ice-sheet simulations of a late-Pleistocene and a mid-Miocene glaciation.

Is there dry land in Antarctica?

The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica Covering a surface area of approximately 4,800 square km (1,850 square miles), the Dry Valleys are unique in that their frozen lakes and extensive areas of exposed soil represent a region of Earth approaching the minimal requirements for supporting life.

Why continental shelf is important?

It does not include the deep ocean floor. The significance of the continental shelf is that it may contain valuable minerals and shellfish. UNCLOS addresses the issue of jurisdiction over these resources by allocating sovereign rights to the coastal State for exploration and exploitation.

What are the oceans that surround Australia?

Australia’s oceans and seas include those off the mainland and its offshore territories in the Pacific, Southern and Indian Oceans as well as the Timor, Tasman and Coral Seas.

Why is the continental shelf important?

Law Of The Sea It does not include the deep ocean floor. The significance of the continental shelf is that it may contain valuable minerals and shellfish. UNCLOS addresses the issue of jurisdiction over these resources by allocating sovereign rights to the coastal State for exploration and exploitation.

Why is Australia officially known as the Commonwealth of Australia?

“Commonwealth” was first proposed as a term for a federation of the six Australian crown colonies at the 1891 constitutional convention in Sydney.

Why is continental shelf important?

The relatively accessible continental shelf is the best understood part of the ocean floor. Most commercial exploitation from the sea, such as metallic ore, non-metallic ore, and hydrocarbon extraction, takes place on the continental shelf.

What are the rules of the international law relating to continental shelf?

Coastal countries have exclusive rights to resources located within the continental shelf, which legally is defined as the seabed up to roughly 370 km (200 nautical miles) from shore or to the outer edge of the continental margin, whichever is farther, subject to an overall limit of about 650 km (350 nautical miles) …

Where is Australia’s continental shelf?

Around half of the Australian continental shelf beyond 200 nm as approved by the CLCS is in the Southern Ocean in the Antarctic, including a large area projecting southwards into the Antarctic Treaty Area from Australia’s small sub-Antarctic islands, Heard and McDonald Islands.

Is Australia’s extended continental shelf a stealth attack on Antarctica?

Australia’s newly declared continental shelf may be as big as its land mass, but its not a stealth attack on Antarctica. AAP Despite recent commentary in the media, Australia’s proclamation of its extended continental shelf does not represent new “claims” in Antarctica and does not contravene the Antarctic Treaty.

How to establish an extended continental shelf?

To establish such an extended continental shelf (ECS) a coastal state must file a submission of delineation data with the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), a technical body established by UNCLOS.

Which islands are outside the Antarctic Treaty area?

Both the Territory of Heard Island and the McDonald Islands, and Macquarie Island lie outside the Antarctic Treaty area. The extended continental shelves that they generate under the Law of the Sea arise outside of Antarctica and exist because of Australia’s unchallenged sovereignty to these areas.