How do thiazide diuretics cause hypercalcemia?
How do thiazide diuretics cause hypercalcemia?
Hypercalcemia. By increasing calcium reabsorption from the luminal membrane into the interstitium in exchange for sodium, thiazides reduce urine calcium levels and increase blood calcium.
What do thiazide diuretics do to calcium?
Thiazides increase the uptake of calcium in the distal tubules, to moderately reduce urinary calcium. Thiazides combined with potassium citrate, increased water intake and decreased dietary oxalate and sodium can slow or even reverse the formation of calcium-containing kidney stones.
Does hydrochlorothiazide cause hypercalcemia?
Common medications such as hydrochlorothiazide and other thiazide diuretics (prescribed for hypertension and edema), lithium, and excessive intake of vitamin D, vitamin A or calcium can result in hypercalcemia.
How do diuretics cause hypercalcemia?
Thiazide diuretics can increase renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, resulting in hypercalcemia. However, thiazide-associated hypercalcemia also can represent unmasking of preexisting primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) or incidental development of PHPT during thiazide therapy.
Why do thiazides cause hyperglycemia?
The effect of the thiazide-induced short-term changes in serum lipids is unclear. Present experience suggests that thiazide-induced impairment of glucose tolerance is due to both reduced glucose-stimulated insulin release and increased peripheral resistance to the action of insulin.
Why do thiazide diuretics cause hyperglycemia?
What do thiazide diuretics do to potassium?
Diuretics can also affect blood potassium levels. If you take a thiazide diuretic, your potassium level can drop too low (hypokalemia), which can cause life-threatening problems with your heartbeat. If you’re on a potassium-sparing diuretic, you can have too much potassium in your blood.
Do thiazide diuretics cause hyperkalemia?
Hyperkalemia is a leading complication of the potassium-sparing agents, especially in patients with an underlying tendency for hyperkalemia. Thiazide diuretics, in particular, have been linked to glucose intolerance, which may be an effect of hypokalemia rather than the diuretic itself.
Why do thiazides cause hypokalemia?
Because loop and thiazide diuretics increase sodium delivery to the distal segment of the distal tubule, this increases potassium loss (potentially causing hypokalemia) because the increase in distal tubular sodium concentration stimulates the aldosterone-sensitive sodium pump to increase sodium reabsorption in …
How do Thiazides cause hyperlipidemia?
Hyperlipidemia is prevalent in hypertension, but the cause of this association is unknown. Treatment of hypertension with thiazide diuretics accentuates the hyperlipidemia, perhaps by causing potassium or sodium depletion.
The combination of hydrochlorothiazide and supplemental vitamin D can also trigger hypercalcemia, especially if you receive large doses of vitamin D as treatment for a condition called hypoparathyroidism.
How do loop diuretics treat hypercalcemia?
Loop diuretics act by competing for the chloride site on the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter [ 5,8 ]. Inhibiting sodium chloride reabsorption also inhibits the backleak of potassium and the generation of the lumen-positive potential. As a result, calcium excretion rises, an effect that may be exploited in the treatment of hypercalcemia in selected patients.
