How do you calculate explosive yield?
How do you calculate explosive yield?
For explosions that happen on the ground, we use this formula: W = R^3*((27136*P+8649)^(1/2)/13568-93/13568)^2, where W is the yield in tons of TNT, R is the radius in meters, and P is the shockwave pressure in bars, where we generally use 1.37895 bars or 20 psi of pressure.
How do you calculate ammonium nitrate?
NH₄NO₃
Ammonium nitrate/Formula
How much gas is equal to a stick of dynamite?
One gallon of gasoline can vaporize and fill a 250-gallon fuel tank with explosive vapor; that single gallon of gasoline has the explosive energy of 83 sticks of dynamite.
What is heavy ANFO?
Heavy ANFO is a blend of ANFO and Emulsion, which is made to increase the bulk density of normal ANFO, with the ability to be loaded into partial wet holes. By using these blends you increase the density of ANFO, thereby increasing the energy in the borehole.
How long does ANFO last?
Maximum Hole Depth – ANFO can be detonated successfully in depths up to 75m. Shelf Life – ANFO has a maximum shelf life of six (6) months dependent on temperature and humidity conditions. Storage in a high humidity and high temperature environment will accelerate product breakdown and should be avoided.
How do you make ammonium formula?
NH₄⁺
Ammonium/Formula
How do you write the formula for ammonium nitrite?
NH₄NO₂
Ammonium nitrite/Formula
What type of explosive is ANFO?
Explosive, Blasting, Type E 1.1D UN 0082 Description ANFO is a nominal 94:6 (wt% )blend of porous ammonium nitrate prill (Detaprill® and fuel oil. It is a dry, free flowing explosive; formulated to ensure the appropriate oxygen balance providing optimal energy and sensitivity.
Can ANFO be used in the ground?
Reactive Ground Conditions –ANFO is not designed for use in conditions where reactive sulphides are present. Ground Temperature –ANFO is suitable for use in ground with a temperature of 0°C to a maximum of 55°C. For applications in ground with temperatures outside this range, contact your Dyno Nobel representative.
What type of fuel is used to prepare ANFO?
Mines typically prepare ANFO on-site using the same diesel fuel that powers their vehicles. While many fuels can theoretically be used, the low volatility and cost of diesel make it ideal. ANFO under most conditions is blasting cap –insensitive, so it is classified as a blasting agent and not a high explosive.
What is the industrial use of ANFO chemistry?
Industrial use. Other explosives based on the ANFO chemistry exist; the most commonly used are emulsions. They differ from ANFO in the physical form the reactants take. The most notable properties of emulsions are water resistance and higher bulk density.
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